1、Designation:D472411Standard Test Method forEntanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by NeedleInsertion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-ment of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns usingneedle insertion options fo
3、r instrument(A)and manual(B)techniques.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units(inparentheses)are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be used independently of the otherwithout combining values in
4、any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenc
5、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to yarns and fibers,r
6、efer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:entanglement,filament yarn.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for thatoption.5.Signific
7、ance and Use5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of thedegree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement,as measuredinstrumentally,is used for acceptance testing of commercialshipments;however,caution is advised because information onbetween-laboratory precision is lacking.Comparative
8、 tests,asdirected in 5.1.1,may be advisable.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories todetermine if there is a statistical bias between them,usingcompetent stat
9、istical assistance.As a minimum,samples usedfor each comparative test should be as homogeneous aspossible,drawn from the same lot of material as the samplesthat results in disparate results during initial testing,andrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.Otherfabrics with established
10、test values may be used for thispurpose.The test results from the laboratories involved shouldbe compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probabilitylevel chosen by the two parties before testing begins,at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series.If a bias isfound,either its caus
11、e must be found and corrected or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use whenthe supply of yarn is limited.5.3 The instrumental option of this test method is based onthe total randomization of the entanglements in th
12、e yarn;therefore,the distance measured between the point of insertionof a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which anentanglement is encountered,by movement of the yarn or the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of S
13、ubcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published January 2011.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D472410.DOI:10.1520/D4724-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force,is repres
15、entativeof the distance between two entanglements at some location inthe yarn.5.4 Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist toensure the integrity of filament yarns.Such entanglementsgenerally give somewhat less protection during weaving orknitting than twist,but with proper care,will perfo
16、rm quitesatisfactorily.6.Sampling and Test Specimens6.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider shipping containersof yarn to be the primary sampling unit.NOTE1A realistic specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping containers,packages within a shipping container,andsuccessive lengths from a package to provide a plan that,at the specifiedlevel for the property of interest,has a meaningful producers risk,consumers risk,
