1、Designation:D4833/D4833M07(Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forIndex Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and RelatedProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4833/D4833M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of
2、 revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEUnits information was
3、editorially corrected in June 2013.1.Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the index punctureresistance of geomembranes and related products.1.2 The use of Test Method D4833/D4833M may be inap-propriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related prod-ucts which have large openings,such as
4、geonets and geogrids.1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile relatedproducts be tested using Test Method D6241.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eac
5、hsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
6、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing
7、 TextilesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles(Withdrawn 2008)3D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD6241 Test Method for Static Puncture Strength of Geotex-tiles and Geotextile-
8、Related Products Using a 50-mmProbe3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles,nair maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 5%and a temperature of 21 62C 70 6 4F.3.1.2 geomembrane,nvery low permeability syntheticmembrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engi-n
9、eering related material so as to control fluid migration in aman-made project,structure,or system.3.1.3 index test,na test procedure which may contain aknown bias but which may be used to establish an order for aset of specimens with respect to the property of interest.3.1.4 puncture resistance(F),n
10、the inherent resistingmechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetratingor puncturing object.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geosyntheticsused in this standard,refer to Terminology D4439.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension betweencircular
11、 plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensiletesting machine.A force is exerted against the center of theunsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rodattached to the load indicator until rupture of the specimenoccurs.The maximum force recorded is the value of punctureresist
12、ance of the specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2013.Published June 2013.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved i
13、n 2007 as D483307.DOI:10.1520/D4833_D4833M-07R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last appr
14、oved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is an index test for determining thepuncture resistance of geomembranes and r
15、elated products.The use of this test method is to establish an index value byproviding standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes andrelated materials since the test method has be
16、en used exten-sively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments,the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories.Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum,the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as h
