1、Designation:D448520Standard Specification forPerformance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4485;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification covers all the currently active American Petroleum Institute(API)engine oilperformance categories that have been defin
3、ed in accordance with theASTM consensus process.Thereare organizations with specifications not subject to the ASTM consensus process,such as theInternational Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee(ILSAC),American PetroleumInstitute(API SM,SN Specifications),and the Association des Construc
4、teurs EuropeansdAutomobiles(ACEA).Certain of these specifications,which have been defined primarily by the useof current ASTM test methods,have also been included in the Appendixes for information.In the ASTM system,a specific API designation is assigned to each category.The system isopen-ended,that
5、 is,new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oilperformance characteristics are defined.Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders inmaking lubricant recommendations,and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifyingproducts for specific applica
6、tions.Where applicable,candidate oil programs are conducted inaccordance with theAmerican Chemistry Council(ACC)PetroleumAdditives ProductApproval Codeof Practice.Other service categories not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engineoil performance(SA,SB,SC,SD,SE,SF,SG,SH
7、 and CA,CB,CC,CD,CD-II,CE,CF,CF-2,CF-4,CG-4)(see 3.1.2).SA is not included because it does not have specified engine performancerequirements.SH is not included because it was a category that could not be licensed for gasolineengine oil use in the API Service Symbol after Dec.2,2010.(NoteThe SH categ
8、ory has beenincluded in Appendix X10 as relevant information in combination with“C”categories.)The others arenot included because they are based on test methods for which engine parts,test fuel,or reference oils,or a combination thereof,are no longer available.Also,theASTM 5-Car and Sequence VI Proc
9、eduresare obsolete and have been deleted from the category Energy Conserving and Energy Conserving II(defined by Sequence VI).Information on excluded older categories and obsolete test requirementscan be found in SAE J183.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty andheavy-duty
10、 internal combustion engines used under a variety ofoperating conditions in automobiles,trucks,vans,buses,andoff-highway farm,industrial,and construction equipment.21.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oilapplications such as outboard motors,snowmobiles,lawnmowers,motorcycles,railr
11、oad locomotives,or oceangoingvessels.1.3 This specification is based on engine test results thatgenerally have been correlated with results obtained on refer-ence oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline ordiesel fuel.As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category,itis based on engin
12、e test results that generally have beencorrelated with results obtained on reference oils run ingasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil catego-ries prior to 2000.It should be recognized that not all aspectsof engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests inthis specificatio
13、n.In addition,when assessing oil performance,it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operatingconditions.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Autom
14、otive Lubricants.Current edition approved Sept.1,2020.Published September 2020.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4485 19.DOI:10.1520/D4485-20.2Until the next revision of this specification,the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in specification by mean
15、s of information letters.Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center,6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA 15206-4489,www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information letters through No.20-7.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
16、Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests thathelp evaluate som
