1、Designation:D576196(Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forEmulsification/Suspension of Multiphase Fluid WasteMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5761;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the generation of a single-phasesuspension or emulsion from multiphase samples which areprimarily l
3、iquid in order to facilitate sample preparation,transfer,and analysis.1.2 This practice is designed to keep a multiphase fluidsample in an emulsified/suspended state long enough to take asingle,composite sample that is representative of the sample asa whole.The sample may reform multiple layers afte
4、r standing.1.3 The emulsion/suspension generated by following thispractice can be used only for analytical procedures designedfor the total sample and procedures not significantly affected bythe emulsifier or the presence of an emulsion/suspension.1.4 This practice assumes that a representative samp
5、le ofnot more than 1 L has been obtained.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the us
6、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Pe
7、troleum andPetroleum Products2.2 EPA Standard:SW846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 emulsion,na suspension of fine particles orglobules,or both,of one or more liquids in another liquid.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
8、dard:3.2.1 multiphase fluid waste material,na substance ormixture of chemicals that is no longer useful for its originalpurpose that visibly involves a solid and at least one liquidphase or more than one liquid phase without any solid present.4.Summary of Practice4.1 An emulsifier is added and mixed
9、 well with a sample ofmultiphase fluid waste material,to produce a uniform mixturesuitable for subsequent aliquoting.A satisfactory homogeniza-tion has been attained when the sample appears to remain as asingle phase for 30 s or longer.4.2 Acalcium sulfonate emulsifier is used when the originalsampl
10、e is primarily organic in nature;a polyethylene glycolmonoalky ester is used when the original sample is primarilyaqueous in nature.A blend of the two emulsifiers is used whenthe original sample contains roughly equal volumes of organicand aqueous material.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice is
11、intended as a solution to the difficulty ofobtaining reproducible test results from heterogeneoussamples.5.2 This practice works best with multilayered liquids,butcan also be applied to samples with solid particles that aresufficiently small in size to be suspended in an emulsion.5.3 The emulsified/
12、suspended sample can be used for allbulk property testing such as microwave digestion/inductivelycoupled argon plasma(ICAP),ion chromatography,heat ofcombustion,ash content,water,nonvolatile residue,and pH.It1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid F
13、uels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved April 15,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D576196(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5761-96R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit
14、 the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Environmental Protection Agency,401 M Street,SW,Washington,DC 20460.Copyright ASTM
15、 International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 may be prudent to retain a portion of the sample in its original,multiphase form for some types of analyses.6.Interferences6.1 Not all samples can be emulsified,due to varyingchemical reactions with the s
16、urfactants.If the emulsion is notstable for at least 30 s after shaking,it may not be suitable fortesting as an emulsion.6.2 Due to their physical composition,some samples are notsuitable for splitting and,as a result,cannot be emulsified if anonemulsified retain is required.For example,excessiveamounts of solids and semisolids or tars do not permit splitting.6.3 In some instances,the amount of sample submitted maynot be sufficient for splitting and,as a result,cannot beemulsified if some unemul
