1、Designation:D541495(Reapproved 2020)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of LoadUnitizing Stretch Wrap Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5414;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case
2、 of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare theability of stretch-wrap films to survive horiz
3、ontal impacts in alaboratory simulation.1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode ofshipping and handling used for the unit load under test.1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizon-tal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003.Thistest method will describe on
4、ly sample preparation and evalu-ation in the special case of evaluating the performance of filmfor load unitizing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
5、ty,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of In
6、ternational Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shippi
7、ng Containers and SystemsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and Systems3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backload,na duplicate
8、 specimen similar to the testpackage or weights to simulate the other lading in the transportvehicle.3.2.2 shock pulse programmer,na device used to controlthe parameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulsegenerated by a shock test impact machine.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The horizontal imp
9、acts used in this test method areprogrammed shock inputs that represent the hazards as theyoccur in the shipping and handling environment.The environ-mental hazards may include rail switching impacts,palletmarshalling impacts,etc.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to be used main
10、ly as ameans of comparing the performance of unitizing films.It canalso be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrapcycles with the same wrapping materials.No direct correlationbetween these tests results and actual field performance hasbeen established.5.2 This test method simulates the h
11、orizontal impact ele-ments of the distribution environment.Horizontal impacts areencountered in rail car switching and pallet marshallingprocedures,both in the warehouse and during the loading andunloading of transport vehicles.5.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the userthe establ
12、ishment of test levels and the number of impactsconstituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulateones particular distribution environment.The section entitled“Element HSimulated Rail Switching”in Practice D4169may provide some guidance in this regard.6.Apparatus6.1 Load Wrapping Ap
13、paratusA machine or apparatus towrap the test load.The method of wrap application is prefer-ably as near as possible to that used in an actual productionsituation(stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct
14、responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Dec.15,2020.Published December 2020.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5414 95(2012).DOI:10.1520/D5414-95R20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,ww
15、w.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis internati
16、onal standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.16.2 Horizontal Impact Test MachineRefer to Test Meth-ods D4003,paragraph 5.1 and following subparagraphs,for acomplete description.6.3 InstrumentationRefer to Test Methods D4003,para-graph 5.3 and fo
