1、 Designation:D 4484-85 An AmerIcan National Standard AMERICAN SOCIETV FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St.,Philadelphia,Pa.1910!Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,CoPvrlght ASTM If not listed In the currant combined Index,will appear In the next edition.Standard Test Method for INOR
2、GANIC PARTICLES IN MARINE RESIDUAL FUEL OILS BY SELECTIVE CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION1 Ti standard.is issue?under the fixed.esignation D 4484;the number immediately(ollowing the designation indicates the year of ongmal adPtlon.or,m te of revls!on the year o last revision.A number in parentheses indicates
3、 the year of last reapproval.A superscnpt epsdon(f)IndJcat an edltonal change smce the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic particles,excluding those containing iron,in marine residual fuel oils.In the absence of other contaminants,such as sa
4、nd and dirt,this test method provides a gravimetric determina-tion of FCC catalyst fines in residual fuel oils.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous ma-terials,operations.and equipment.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety prob-lems associated with its use.It is the responsib
5、il-ity of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limi-tations prior to use.For specific precautionary statement,see 6.3,6.4,6.5,6.6,and 6.7.2.Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1193 Specificatio
6、n for Reagent Water2 D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Pe-troleum Products3 3.Summary of Method 3.1 A centrifuge is employed to transfer the particles from the diluted fuel to a non-fuel phase.During the transfer,the particles pass through an aqueous phase where rust particles are removed by a r
7、eaction with oxalic acid solu-tion.The remaining particles are then collected in an o-dichlorobenzene layer,a liquid heavier than water.Subsequently,the separated particles are transferred to a crucible where they are ashed and weighed.NOTE I-In order to achieve best possible precision the operator
8、is encouraged to read the following instruc:tions carefully and to adhere to them strictly.It is believed that the critical steps in this test are:(1)Ob-taining a representative fuel sample,(2)treatment of centrifuge tube wall with surfactant,(3)transfer of deposits from centrifuge tube.to ashing cr
9、ucible,and.f)ashi.ng and subsequent weighing of deposits.The InstructlOns for these steps have been underlined to draw operator special attention.4.Significance and Use 4.1 Certain inorganic particles present in re-sidual fuel oils have been shown to cause exces-sive wear in diesel engines,when pres
10、ent in ex-cessively high concentrations.This test method provides a means to determine the level of inor-?anic.particles,excluding those containing iron,In residual fuel oils.5.Apparatus 5.1 Centrifuge,capable of whirling two or more filled centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be adjusted to give a
11、 relative centrifugal force(rcf)of about 1500 at the tip of the tubes.where rcf=(RPM/I 335)2d and d is diameter of swing of two opposite tubes in millimetres.The re-olvin?head,trunnion rings and trunnion cups,mcIudmg the cushions,shall be soundly con-structed to withstand the maximum centrifugal for
12、ce capable of being delivered by the power source.The trunnion cups and cushions shall firmly support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion.The centrifuge shall be enclosed by a.I This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com-mittee 0-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the d
13、irect responsibility of Subcommittee 002.E on Burner Diesel and Turbine Fuel Oils.Current edition approved June 13.1985.Published July 1985.2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.)Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.03.COPYRIGHT 2003:AS I M IniernBtlOnal NOTICE:This standard has either been supe
14、rseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.metal shield or case strong enough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.5.2 Centrifuge Tube-Two hundred milli-metre(eight inch)cone-shaped,with capillary tip capable of measu
15、ring 0.0 I mL and readable to 0.005 mL.The graduations,0.01,0.1,0.5,1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,IS,20,25,SO,75 and 100 mL,shall be clear and distinct,and the mouth con-stricted in shape for closure with a cork.The tube shall be made of annealed glass with the dimensions shown in Fig.1.Scale error toler-ances a
16、nd smallest graduation between various calibration marks are given in Table 2.Use only clean centrifuge tubes.4 5.3 Ultrasonic Bath-The bath shall be ofsuf-ficient depth for immersing a 2S0-mL flask,and of sufficient width to facilitate rotation of a 200-mm centrifuge tube when laid flat.S Temperature of water in bath should be controlled to 49 1C.5.4 Balance-A S-place balance capable of weighing the crucibles to the nearest 0.0000 I g.5.5 Muffle Furnace-Adjustable temperature type that can obta
