1、Designation:E272811Standard Guide forWater Stewardship in the Design,Construction,andOperation of Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2728;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last re
2、vision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable develop-ment in the building industry.It outlines ideal sustainabilityand applied sus
3、tainability for water management,consistentwith Guide E2432.Both ideal sustainability and appliedsustainability should inform decisions regarding water man-agement.1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrologicalcycle.This provides the concept goals and direction forcontinual improvement.
4、1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices.This identifies available options considering environmental,economic,and social opportunities and challenges.The mostappropriate option(s)are likely to vary depending on thelocation of the project.1.2 Water management challenges differ eno
5、rmously de-pending on the type of built environment and the availablewater resources.1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment varyfrom very low density rural development to crowded urbandevelopment.Large cities present a particular challenge,with400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million
6、inhabitants.1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distri-bution of water around the world,depletion of groundwater,changing rainfall patterns,and other water industry trendsrequires sustainable solutions for the effective management ofthe entire water cycle.1.2.3 Sustainable design,con
7、struction,and operation ofwater and wastewater services for the built environment arecritical components of water stewardship and global sustain-able water management.1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution preven-tion(quality issues)and conservation(quantity issues).1.4 The values stated i
8、n inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
9、 health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-mance of BuildingsE2348 Guide for Framework for a Consensus-based Envi-ronmental Decision-making ProcessE24
10、32 Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Rela-tive to BuildingsE2635 Practice for Water Conservation in BuildingsThrough In-Situ Water Reclamation2.2 Other Reference Documents:WaterSense3WWAP World Water Assessment Programme43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms related to sustainability re
11、lativeto the performance of buildings,refer to Terminology E2114.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effluent,nwastewater,treated or untreated,that flowsout of a treatment plant,sewer,industrial facility,or con-structed source.3.2.2 emerging pollutant,nsubstances that have beenr
12、ecently discovered or determined to contaminate the environ-ment.3.2.2.1 DiscussionEmerging pollutants may include endo-crinial disruptors,persistant organic pollutants,and pharme-ceuticals.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainabilityand is the direct responsibility
13、of Subcommittee E60.07 on Water Use andConservation.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published March 2011.DOI:10.1520/E2728-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),ArielRios Bldg.,1200 Pennsylvania Ave.,NW,Washington,DC 20460,http:/www.epa.gov/watersense.4Programme Office for Global Water Assessment,UNESCO,Villa La Colom-bella-Loca
15、lit di Colombella Alta,06134 Colombella(PERUGIA),Italy,http:/www.unesco.org/water/wwap.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.3 EnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS),nprocedures for identifying,managing,and improving theenvironm
16、ental impacts of an organization,facility,product,orservice,or a combination thereof.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFundamental to an EMS is implemen-tation of a plan-do-check-act approach that documents currentperformance levels and facilitates continual improvement.3.2.4 green infrastructure,nan array of products,technologies,and practices that use natural systems,or engi-neered systems that mimic natural processes,to enhanceoverall environmental quality and provide utility services.3.2.4.1 DiscussionAs a
