1、Designation:D47307(Reapproved 2012)Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS),Chapter 10.1Designation:53/82Standard Test Method forSediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the ExtractionMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D473;the number immediately following the designati
2、on indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies o
3、f the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of sedimentin crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene.Theprecision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.01 to0.40%mass,although higher levels may be determined.NOTE1Precision on recycled oils and
4、 crankcase oils is unknown andadditional testing is required to determine that precision.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associate
5、d with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see 5.1.1.6 and 6.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practic
6、e for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products(API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products(API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products(API MPMS Chap-ter 8.3)E29 Practice f
7、or Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 API Standards:3Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and PetroleumProducts(ASTM Practice D4057)Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petro-leum Products(ASTM Practice D4177)Chapter 8.3 Mixing and Han
8、dling of Liquid Samples ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM PracticeD5854)2.3 ISO Standard:45272 Toluene for industrial useSpecifications3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Extract test portion of a representative oil sample,contained in a refractory thimble,with hot toluene until theresidue reaches con
9、stant mass.The mass of residue,calculatedas a percentage,is reported as sediment by extraction.4.Significance and Use4.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils andfuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and thebuying or selling of these commodities.5.Apparatus5.1 Usual la
10、boratory apparatus and glassware,together withthe following are required for this test method.5.1.1 Extraction ApparatusUse the apparatus illustrated inFigs.1 and 2 and consisting of the elements described in5.1.1.1 5.1.1.3.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleu
11、m Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and the API Committee onPetroleum Measurement,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1938.Las
12、t previous edition approved in 2007 as D47307.DOI:10.1520/D0473-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs
13、ite.3Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.St.,NW,Washington,DC 20005-4070,http:/api-ec.api.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,We
14、st Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.1.1.1 Extraction FlaskUse a wide-neck(Erlenmeyer)flask of 1-L capacity,with a minimum external neck diameterof 50 mm,for the procedure.5.1.1.2 CondenserA condenser in the form of a metal coilapproximately 25 mm in diameter and 50 mm in lengthattached to
15、,and with the ends projecting through,a lid ofsufficient diameter to cover the neck of the flask as shown inFig.1.The coil shall be made from stainless steel,tin,tin-plated copper,or tin-plated brass tubing having an outsidediameter of 5 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm.Ifconstructed of tin-pl
16、ated copper or brass,the tin coating shallhave a minimum thickness of 0.075 mm.The exposed surfaceof the coil for cooling purposes is about 115 cm2.NOTE2The use of a water flowmeter/controller unit that monitorswater flow to the condenser that shuts off the heat source when the flowrate drops below a pre-set limit has been found suitable to preventvaporized toluene from igniting.The use of such a device is recom-mended.5.1.1.3 Extraction Thimble5The extraction thimble shallbe of a refractory por
