1、Designation:D448995(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practices forSampling of Waterborne Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4489;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used incollecting samples of waterborne oils(see Practice D3415),oilfound on adjoining shorelines,or oil-s
3、oaked debris,for com-parison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic tech-niques,and for elemental analyses.1.2 Two practices are described.Practice A involves“grabsampling”macro oil samples.Practice B can be used to samplemost types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable insampling
4、thin oil films or slicks.Practice selection will bedictated by the physical characteristics and the location of thespilled oil.These two practices are:SectionsPractice A(for grab sampling thick layers of oil,viscous oils oroil soaked debris,oil globules,tar balls,or stranded oil)9 to 13Practice B(fo
5、r TFEfluorocarbon polymer strip samplers)14 to171.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oilsamples with a minimum of water,thereby reducing thepossibility of chemical,physical,or biological alteration byprolonged contact with water between the time of collectionand analysis.1.4 The valu
6、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
7、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardsstatements,see Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor t
8、he definitions of terms used in thesepractices,refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chain of custodya documented accountability ofeach sample,that is,date,time,and signature of each recipientwhen the sample changes hands,from the time of collectionuntil
9、 the requirement for each sample is terminated.3.2.2 waterborne oilrefer to Practice D3415.4.Significance and Use4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is establishedby comparison with known oils selected because of theirpossible relationship to the spill,that is,potential sources.General
10、ly,the suspected source oils are from pipelines,tanks,etc.,and therefore pose little problems in sampling comparedto the spilled oil.This practice addresses the sampling ofspilled oils in particular,but could be applied to appropriatesource situations,for example,a ships bilge.5.Apparatus5.1 Sample
11、Containers,100 to 125-mL wide-mouth glassjars that have been thoroughly cleaned.When field expedientsmust be employed,an empty container of each type usedshould be included in the shipment to the laboratory,to be usedas a blank to measure inadvertent contamination.5.2 ClosuresLids for the glass jars
12、 should have TFE-fluorocarbon polymer film or aluminum-coated insert.5.3 Strip Samplers,5 by 7.5 cm pieces of TFE-fluorocarbonpolymer sheets(0.25 mm thickness,or screen or fabric(5070mesh).5.4 Wooden Tongue Depressor.5.5 TFE-Fluorocarbon Polymer Net Sampling Kit.36.Reagents1These practices are under
13、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysisfor Organic Substances in Water.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4489 95(2006).
14、DOI:10.1520/D4489-95R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Sampling kit available from General Ocean
15、ics,Miami,FL,or equivalent,issuitable.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.1 High Purity Solvents,4that must be used for rinsingsamplers and sample containers.The solvents which may beused are n-hexane,mixed hexanes,cyclohexa
16、ne,pentane,ordichloromethane,acetone,or chloroform.7.Hazards7.1 Precaution:Extreme care should be exercised so as notto contaminate the samples or cause their integrity to bequestioned.7.2 Warning:The rinsing solvents are volatile and,exceptfor dichloromethane,are flammable,and therefore should behandled with appropriate care.Dichloromethane will releasetoxic vapors when heated.7.3 Minimize contact with oil even when wearing gloves.8.General Sampling Guidelines8.1 The objective is to obtain a sa
