1、Designation:D511112Standard Guide forChoosing Locations and Sampling Methods to MonitorAtmospheric Deposition at Non-Urban Locations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5111;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of rev
2、ision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide assists individuals or agencies in identifyingsuitable locations and choosing appropriate samp
3、ling strategiesfor monitoring atmospheric deposition at non-urban locations.It does not purport to discuss all aspects of designing atmo-spheric deposition monitoring networks.1.2 The guide is suitable for use in obtaining estimates ofthe dominant inorganic constituents and trace metals found inacid
4、ic deposition.It addresses both wet and dry deposition andincludes cloud water,fog and snow.1.3 The guide is best used to determine estimates ofatmospheric deposition in non-urban areas although many ofthe sampling methods presented can be applied to urbanenvironments.1.4 The values stated in SI uni
5、ts are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the AmbientAtmosphereD3249 Practice for General Ambient A
6、ir Analyzer Proce-duresD4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for WaterSamples Containing Organic and Inorganic ConstituentsD5012 Guide for Preparation of Materials Used for theCollection and Preservation of Atmospheric Wet Deposi-tion3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this gui
7、de,refer toTerminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 collocated samplingthe use of more than one sam-pling device within a monitoring site.3.2.2 event samplinga special form of intermittent sam-pling(Terminology D1356)where the duration of a samplingperiod is defined
8、 as a single,discrete occurrence ofprecipitation,dew,fog or frost.3.2.3 fetcha vector within the local area which describesthe direction and area of,or within,an air mass that will besampled by a sampling device.3.2.4 filter-packa sampling device comprised of one ormore filters in series where each
9、filter is designed to sample anatmospheric chemical species or remove interferences to asubsequent filter.Filters may be of different design;material;or be coated or impregnated to obtain the specificity ofchemical species required.3.2.5 inferential samplingan indirect sampling methodthat utilizes a
10、 mathematical model to quantify an unmeasurableor difficult to measure property of atmospheric deposition.3.2.6 local areaan area of a few square kilometers whichdescribes an area of common vegetation,land-surface form andland use surrounding the monitoring site and defines the localcharacteristics
11、surrounding the sampling device,see Fig.1.3.2.7 monitoring sitea radius of a few decameters whichimmediately surrounds the sampling device,see Fig.1.3.2.8 regional areaan area between the local area and athreshold that defines where any single local area characteristiccan not be distinguished from r
12、egional characteristics,see Fig.1.3.2.9 sequential samplingwithdrawal of a portion of theatmosphere over a period of time with continuous analysis orwith separation of the desired material continuously and in alinear form.Such a sample may be obtained with a consider-able concentration of the contam
13、inant but it still indicatesfluctuations in that property which occur during the period ofsampling(Terminology D1356;see sample,running).1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheresand Source
14、Emissions.Current edition approved Oct.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5111-99(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5111-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Ann
15、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.10 surrogate surface samplinga sampling techniquethat utilizes an artificial
16、surface to estimate dry deposition.Ideally,the artificial surface chosen will approximate the realsurfaces roughness and wetness properties.In practice this isimpossible.Therefore,comparisons of the surrogate surface tothe real surface must always be done as a part of the technique.3.2.11 wet depositionthe deposition of water from theatmosphere in the form of hail,mist,rain,sleet and snow.Deposits of dew,fog and frost are excluded(TerminologyD1356;see precipitation,meteorological).4.Significance
