1、Designation:D499813Standard Test Method forEvaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4998;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisio
2、n.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gearwear.It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids butmay be suitable f
3、or other applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
4、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 7 and 9.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry
5、Cleaning Solvent)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D329 Specification for AcetoneD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and Lubricants2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung(DIN):3DIN 17210 Part 1:Tolerances for Spur Gears;Tolerances forthe Deviation
6、 of Singly Determined ValuesDIN 3962 Casehardened Steel;Material SpecificationsDIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion Tablefor Vickers Hardness,Brinell Hardness,Rockwell Hard-ness and Tensile StrengthDIN 51354 Mechanical Testing of Gear Oils in the FZGGear Test Machine3.Terminology3.1
7、Definitions:3.1.1 abrasive wear,nwear due to hard particles or hardprotuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D41753.1.2 scoring,nin tribology,a severe form of wear char-acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratchesin the direction of sliding.D41753.1.3 scratches,n
8、the result of mechanical removal ordisplacement,or both,of material from a surface by the actionof abrasive particles or protuberances sliding across thesurfaces.D41753.1.4 scuffng,nin lubrication,damage caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not resu
9、lt in immobilization of the parts.D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 wear,nthe loss of material from contacting surfacesof the gear teeth.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A modified FZG gear oil test machine is operated for20 h under controlled conditions of speed(100 r/min),to
10、rque(tenth stage),and temperature(121 C).Test gears are lubri-cated with the test oil.4.2 The test gears are weighed and visually examined beforeand after the test.The gear mass loss and the visually observeddamage to the gear teeth are used to evaluate the wear obtainedwith the test fluid.5.Signifi
11、cance and Use5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid tolubricate the transmission and final drive gears.This testmethod is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulicfluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears oftractors.6.Apparatus6.1 FZG Gear Oil Test Ma
12、chineThe test machine isdescribed in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig.A2.1 and Fig.A3.1.6.2 Precision Test GearsThe test gears are standard FZGtooth profileAgears as described in AnnexA1 and TableA1.1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,
13、and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants&Fluids.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published July 2013.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4998 11.DOI:10.1520/D4998-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,vi
14、sit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3DIN standards are available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Flo
15、or,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.3 Gear Case HeaterA 750 W gear case heater capableof bringing the oil to test tempe
16、rature in(20 to 25)min.6.4 Temperature ControllerA proportional band-type1000 W temperature controller for maintaining the oil tempera-ture within 1 C of the desired test temperature.The thermo-couple is securely attached to the inside right wall of the gearcase,28 mm from the rear wall and 60 mm from the bottom,projecting 15 mm into the gear case.6.5 Analytical BalanceAn analytical balance with 2 kgcapacity and accurate within 1 mg for weighing test gears.6.6 Magnifying Lens,of 3 to 6 power.6.7
