1、Designation:D495114Standard Test Method forDetermination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4951;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*
3、1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof barium,boron,calcium,copper,magnesium,molybdenum,phosphorus,sulfur,and zinc in unused lubricating oils andadditive packages.1.2 The precision statements are valid for dilutions in whichthe mass%sample in solvent is held constant in the ran
4、ge of1 to 5 mass%oil.1.3 The precision tables define the concentration rangescovered in the interlaboratory study.However,both lower andhigher concentrations can be determined by this test method.The low concentration limits are dependent on the sensitivityof the ICP instrument and the dilution fact
5、or.The highconcentration limits are determined by the product of themaximum concentration defined by the linear calibration curveand the sample dilution factor.1.4 Sulfur can be determined if the instrument can operate ata wavelength of 180 nm.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded ass
6、tandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
7、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalyti
8、cal StandardsD4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils byAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of LubricantandAdditiveComponentsBarium,Calcium,Phosphorus,Sulfur,and Zinc by Wavelength-DispersiveX-Ray Fluorescence
9、SpectroscopyD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry(ICP-AES)D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement
10、System Performance3.Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample portion is weighed and diluted by mass withmixed xylenes or other solvent.An internal standard,which isrequired,is either weighed separately into the test solution or ispreviously combined with the dilution solvent.Calibrationstandards are prepa
11、red similarly.The solutions are introducedto the ICP instrument by free aspiration or an optionalperistaltic pump.By comparing emission intensities of ele-ments in the test specimen with emission intensities measuredwith the calibration standards and by applying the appropriateinternal standard corr
12、ection,the concentrations of elements inthe sample are calculable.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method usually requires several minutes persample.This test method covers eight elements and thusprovides more elemental composition data than Test MethodD4628 or Test Methods D4927.In addition,this
13、 test methodprovides more accurate results than Test Method D5185,whichis intended for used lubricating oils and base oils.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elem
14、ental Analysis.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4951 09.DOI:10.1520/D4951-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annua
15、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.2 Additive packa
16、ges are blends of individual additives,which can act as detergents,antioxidants,antiwear agents,andso forth.Many additives contain one or more elements coveredby this test method.Additive package specifications are based,in part,on elemental composition.Lubricating oils are typi-cally blends of additive packages,and their specifications arealso determined,in part,by elemental composition.This testmethod can be used to determine if additive packages andunused lubricating oils meet specifications
