1、Designation:D517291(Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forDocumenting the Standard Operating Procedures Used forthe Analysis of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5172;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisi
2、on,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide addresses the need for each laboratoryengaged in the analysis of water and wastewater to develop
3、andmaintain an up-to-date written manual that clearly and com-pletely delineates the exact steps followed in performing everytest method and procedure used in the laboratory,that is,amanual of their standard operating procedures(SOPs).1.2 This guide details the practices necessary to provideclear in
4、-house SOPs and a mechanism whereby the normaldevelopment and evolution of an analytical test method orprocedure can be controlled and properly evaluated for incor-poration into the SOP used in that laboratory.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated
5、with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in the note.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Ter
6、minology Relating to Water3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 procedure any process involving sequential stepsconducted to achieve a specific objective.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This g
7、uide describes suggested practices for developingand maintaining a current compilation of the complete andexact analytical test methods and procedures being used in aparticular laboratory.5.Significance and Use5.1 The exact analytical test methods and procedures usedin any laboratory may be unique a
8、nd affect the usability of theiranalytical results.A general reference to a book of standardanalytical test methods,guides,and practices published by areputable organization such as ASTM is not sufficient toguarantee acceptable results.As a point of clarification,aprocedure may be part of a test met
9、hod or it may be any otherroutine process the laboratory personnel must follow,forexample,glassware cleaning,quality control,routinemaintenance,or data reporting procedures.5.2 A significant part of the variability of results generatedby different laboratories analyzing the same samples and citingth
10、e same general reference is due to differences in the way theanalytical test methods and procedures are actually performedin each laboratory.These differences are often caused by theslight changes or adjustments allowed by the general reference,but that can affect the final results.5.3 The manual of
11、 SOPs is an important component of anylaboratorys quality assurance program.As with all qualityassurance activities,the importance of this manual lies in itsimpact on maintaining uniformity of test method performanceand the utility of data generated by the laboratory.5.4 Each laboratory should devel
12、op and maintain a loose-leaf manual containing an exact step-by-step description ofhow every test method and procedure is performed in thelaboratory to help guarantee uniform performance amongdifferent analysts using them.5.5 With adequate documentation of a laboratorys com-plete and exact analytica
13、l test methods and procedures,alaboratory will have improved confidence in its ability toreproduce analytical conditions exactly and thereby generalreproducible results.This manual of SOPs is the cornerstone ofa laboratorys creditability.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
14、 Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems,Specification,and Statistics.Current edition approved Dec.15,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5172 91(2010)1.DOI:10.1520/D5172-91R15.2For referenced ASTM
15、 standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19
16、428-2959.United States1 6.Suggested Steps for Generating a Manual of SOPs6.1 The manual should begin with specification of thepublished references from a standard-setting organization orregulatory agency.An adequate written SOP should then bedrafted in-house for each test method or procedure performedby the laboratory.A standard format should be used that isappropriate to the SOP and is similar in scope to the formatsincluded in this guide as Annex A1 and Annex A2.All aspectsof the test method o
