1、Designation:D499419Standard Practice forRecovery of Viruses from Wastewater Sludges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4994;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice is used for the recovery of viruses fromwastewater sludges and favors the enteroviruses.1.2 Both procedures are applicable to raw,digested,
3、anddewatered sludges.SectionsProcedure AAdsorption7 to 10Procedure BSonication11 to 151.3 This practice was tested on standardized sludges asdescribed in 10.1.It is the users responsibility to ensure thevalidity of this practice for untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regar
4、ded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices an
5、d deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 Only adequately trained personnel should be allowed toperform these procedures and should use safety precautionsrecommended by the U.S.Public Health Service,Center forDisease Control,2for work with potentially hazardous biolog
6、i-cal organisms.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn
7、icalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D1129.4.Significance and Use4.1 Although many la
8、boratories are presently isolating vi-ruses from sludge,a valid comparison of data generated has notbeen possible because of the lack of a standard test method(s).5.Apparatus5.1 Centrifuge(s),refrigerated,capableofattaining10 000 g,screw-capped 100-mL centrifuge bottles that canwithstand 10 000 g,an
9、d 250-mL screw-capped centrifugebottles capable of withstanding 2500 g.5.2 pH Meter,measuring to an accuracy of at least 0.1 pHunit,equipped with a combination-type electrode.Calibratewith standard buffers.5.3 Filter Apparatus,for membrane sterilization,4,5with47-mm diameter filter holder and 50-mL
10、slip-tip syringe(see7.7 for type of filter material).6.Purity of Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Che
11、mical Society,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.Current edition approved April 1,2019.Published April 2019.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4494 89(
12、2014).DOI:10.1520/D4994-19.2Richardson,J.H.,and Barkley,W.E.,Biological Safety in Microbiological andBiomedical Laboratories,2nd edition,U.S.Dept.of Health and Human Services,Public Health Service,Center for Disease Control,and National Institutes of Healthand Human Services,1988.3For referenced AST
13、M standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus,Swinnex filter(No.SX0047000),known to the
14、 committee at this time is Millipore Corp.,80Ashby Rd.,Bedford,MA01730.5If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may att
15、end.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization estab
16、lished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean
