1、Designation:D 5244 92(Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Practice forRecovery of Enteroviruses from Waters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5244;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a uniform procedure for the con-centration of viruses from collected samples.1.2 This pra
3、ctice describes a virus adsorption-elution car-tridge filter procedure for recovering viruses from drinkingwater.Volumes of 400 L or more are processed for samples ofdrinking water quality.1.3 The principles of this practice are also applicable tosewages,effluents,and surface waters without technica
4、l modi-fications.1.4 Although specifically designed for recovery of humanenteroviruses,this practice also may be applied to some otherhuman enteric viruses,that have to be determined by specifictesting.1.5 The consistency of this practice was determined frommethod evaluation studies with poliovirus-
5、seeded drinkingwater samples.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra
6、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Only adequatelytrained personnel should be allowed to perform these proce-dures and should use safety precautions recommended by theU.S.Public Health Service Center for Disease Control for workwith potentially hazardous b
7、iological organisms.22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water3D 1193Specification for Reagent Water33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice,refer toTerminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2
8、.1 cell monolayera single layer of cells grown on aglass or plastic surface to which they are securely attached.3.2.2 enteric virusa general term denoting a virus thatnormally enters by the oral route,is capable of multiplying incells of the alimentary canal and is found in stool specimens.Inadditio
9、n to the enterovirus,included under this general term aresuch agents as adenovirus,rotavirus,Norwalk virus,astrovirus,and calicivirus.3.2.3 enterovirusa genus of the family Picornaviridae.Members of this genus are 22 to 30 nm in diameter,contain apositive single-stranded RNA,are stable under acid co
10、nditionsand are resistant to ether.Included in this genus are poliovirus,coxsackievirus,and echovirus.3.2.4 plaquean area of clearing caused by the cytopathiceffects of virus on a susceptible cell monolayer.4.Summary of Practice4.1 A commercially available negatively charged cartridge-type filter is
11、 used to recover low levels of virus from water.Theviruses adsorbed to this filter matrix are released by passage ofbeef extract-glycine reagent(pH 9.0)through the filter.Theeluted viruses are further concentrated by organic flocculation.This consists of lowering the pH of the beef extract to 3.5,se
12、parating the resulting floc,and solubilizing the floc in arelatively small volume of phosphate solution to release thebound viruses.5.Significance and Use5.1 Enteric viruses of public health significance are presentin the aquatic environment.5.2 Enteric viruses have been detected in treated watersup
13、plies.5.3 Enteric viruses are responsible for a wide range ofillnesses,ranging from hepatitis to gastroenteritis.5.4 This practice is applicable to the recovery of manyplaque-forming enteric viruses from waters when used inconjunction with cell culture assay systems.1This practice is under the juris
14、diction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.Current edition approved June 1,2004.Published June 2004.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5244 92(1998).2Biological Safety in Microbiological and
15、Biomedical Laboratories,Richard-son,J.H.,and Barkley,W.E.,Eds.,U.S.Dept.of Health and Human Services,Public Health Service,Centers for Disease Control and National Institutes of Health,HHS Publication No.(NIH)88-8395,2nd Ed,May 1988.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,
16、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.5.5 The principles of this practice are applicable withouttechnical modifications for monitoring for viruses based on theuse of gene probe technology.6.Apparatus6.1 Holder,for 10-in.(25.4 cm)cartridge filter.6.2 Filterite4C
