1、Designation:D 4347 84(Reapproved 1995)Standard Practice forCollecting Benthic Macroinvertebrates with Shipek(Scoop)Grab Sampler1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4347;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining quali-tative or quantitative samples of macroinvertebrates
3、 inhabitingsand,gravel,mud,clay,and similar substrates.1.2 This device is used primarily in estuarine habitats andlarge freshwater lakes.1.3 For the advantages and limitations of grab samplingdevices,see Guide D 4387.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,asso
4、ciated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specifichazards,see Section 5.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 4387 Guide for Selecting
5、 Grab Sampling Devices forCollecting Benthic Macroinvertebrates23.Summary of Practice3.1 The Shipek scoop type grab sampler consists of asemicylindrical scoop and must be positioned properly on thebottom to take a scoop and retain discrete samples of sedimentthrough 180.3.2 The scoop of this device
6、penetrates to a depth of about10.2 cm at center.3.3 Unlike many other types of samplers,closure of thedevice is made at the side,rather than at the bottom.4.Significance and Use4.1 The Shipek(scoop)grab sampler is used to collectqualitative and quantitative samples from different aquatichabitats con
7、taining benthic macroinvertebrates living on or invarious types of substrates.4.2 The organisms in the sample are used to define macro-invertebrate community characteristics in water quality studiesand ecological assessments.5.Hazards5.1 This sampler cannot be used under adverse wind andwave conditi
8、ons.5.2 The sampler requires a vessel with a winch and cable.6.Procedures6.1 The sampler must be lowered on a near vertical line.6.2 The sampler is composed of two concentric half cylin-ders,the inner semicylinder is rotated at high torque by twohelically wound external springs.6.3 Upon contact with
9、 the bottom,the two external springsare automatically released by the inertia of a self-containedweight upon a sear mechanism which trips the catch and thescoop rotates upward.6.4 At the end of its 180 travel,the sample bucket isstopped and held at the closed position by residual springtorque.6.5 Af
10、ter closure the sample is given optimum protectionfrom washout during the return trip by the cylindrical configu-ration of the sampler.6.6 The scoop can be disengaged from the upper semicyl-inder by releasing the two retaining latches.6.7 Once the sample is taken,it is retrieved by a powerwinch and
11、cable.6.8 Once on deck the sample bucket may be disengagedfrom the rest of the device by releasing two retaining latches ateach end of the upper semicylinder.6.9 Empty the sample into either a suitable container or asieving device directly for processing.6.10 Wash or hose the sampler with water so t
12、hat all thesample is processed before a replicate sample is taken.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.03 on Terrestrial Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved Feb.24
13、,1984.Published October 1984.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.05.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
14、entionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee
15、and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of
16、 theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-95
