1、Designation:D437596(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forBasic Statistics in Committee D19 on Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4375;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice establishes a uniform standard for calcu-lating,expressing,and symbolizing some basic statisticalparameters.2.Referenced Doc
3、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 populationthe set of data that consists of all possibleobservations or values of a certain phenomenon.3.1.2 samplea set of data from the population.3.1.3
4、 statistican estimated quantity for a parameter calcu-lated from a sample.3.1.4 parametera measurable quantity characteristic of apopulation.3.1.5 observationa fact duly noted and recorded.3.1.6 sample or population size(N may be finite or infi-nite,but N and n are finite for all calculations).3.1.7
5、 For definitions of related statistical terms,see Termi-nology E456.3.1.8 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Symbols for Sample and Population:SamplePopula-tionObservationxiXiSample or PopulationSizenNMeanx Variances2s2Standard DeviationssStandard Dev
6、iation of Meansx sRelative Standard Deviation(%)RSDRSDp4.Summary of Practice4.1 Prior to performing many statistical procedures certainvariables need to be calculated.The technique for calculatingthese variables and presenting these results is developed in thispractice.5.Significance and Use5.1 This
7、 practice assures the user that all calculations areperformed in the same manner and that all results are presentedconsistently.6.Calculation of Statistical Parameters6.1 Mean:x5(i51nxi/n 5(i51NXi/N6.2 Variance:s25(i51nxi2 x!2/n 2 1s25(i51NXi2!2/N6.3 Standard Deviation:s 5=s2s 5=s26.4 Standard Devia
8、tion of the Mean(also known as stan-dard error of the mean):sx5=s2/ns5=s2/N1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems,Specifi-cation,and Statistics.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published Jun
9、e 2011.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4375 96(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4375-96R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the st
10、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.5 Relative Standard Deviation(%)(also known as coef-ficient of variation)expressed as a percentage:3RSD5100!s/x(1)RSDp5100!s/7.Keywords7.1
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14、own to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at th
15、e aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website(www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis,6th Edition,ASTM MNL 7,ASTM,1990,p.19.D4375 96(2011)2
