1、Designation:D405616Standard Test Method forEstimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon andAliphatic Ester Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4056;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating theequilibrium solubility of water and its vapor in hydrocarbona
3、nd aliphatic ester lubricants,at temperatures between 277 Kand 373 K.The test method is limited to liquids of low tomoderate polarity and hydrogen bonding,with predicted solu-bilities not over 1000 ppm by weight in hydrocarbons,or30 000 ppm by weight in oxygenated compounds,at 298 K.1.2 Specifically
4、 excluded are olefins,nitriles,nitrocompounds,and alcohols.1.3 This test method is recommended only for liquids notcontaining widely different chemical species.This excludesblends of esters with hydrocarbons,and lubricants containingdetergents,dispersants,rust preventives,or load carryingadditives.1
5、.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
6、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D94 Test Methods for Saponification Number of PetroleumProductsD1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and RefractiveDispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD1298
7、 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD2502 Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Mo-lecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measure-mentsD3238 Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distributionand St
8、ructural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by then-d-M Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 charge transfer parameterthe portion of the solubil-ity parameter not attributed to London or Keesom forces.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIt includes hydrogen bonds,induceddipoles,an
9、d other quasichemical forces.3.1.1.2 DiscussionThe square of the solubility parameterequals the sum of the squares of the three partial parameters.3.1.2 dispersion parameterthe portion of the solubilityparameter attributed to London forces.3.1.3 polar parameterthe portion of the solubility param-ete
10、r attributed to Keesom(permanent dipole)forces.3.1.4 solubility parameterthe square root of the cohesiveenergy density(heat of vaporization minus work ofvaporization,per unit volume of liquid),at 298 K.3.2 Symbols:CA=percentage of aromatic carbons,CN=percentage of naphthenic carbons,d=density of lub
11、ricant at 298 K,g/mL,G=solubility by weight,mg/kg(ppm),M=molecular weight of lubricant,g/mol,nD=refractive index of lubricant at 298 K,RH=relative humidity,%,S=saponification number,mg of KOH/g of lubricant,T=system temperature,K,V=molar volume of lubricant,mL/mol,x=mole fraction of water in equilib
12、rium mixture,y=Lorentz-Lorenz refractivity function,d=dispersion parameter,(MPa)0.5,P=polar parameter,(MPa)0.5,H=charge transfer parameter,(MPa)0.5,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSu
13、bcommittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids andSolids(Formally D02.1100).Current edition approved Jan.1,2016.Published March 2016.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4056 01(2010).DOI:10.1520/D4056-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit
14、the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr
15、Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 1=volume fraction of lubricant in equilibrium mixture,and2=volume fraction of water in equilibrium mixture.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Data required are the density,refractive index,andmolecular weight of a hydrocarbon.The sapon
16、ification numberis also required for an ester.From these are calculated thecarbon distribution for a hydrocarbon,and then the partialsolubility parameters.These in turn are used to calculate thevolume fraction of water dissolved at 298 K at saturation.Thisis converted to mole fraction,and adjusted to system tempera-ture.The mole fraction is then converted to solubility byweight.If the system atmosphere is not saturated,the solubilityis multiplied by the relative humidity.5.Significance and Use5.
