1、Designation:D365111Standard Test Method forBarium in Brackish Water,Seawater,and Brines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3651;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of solublebarium ion in brackish water,sea-water,and brines by atomicabsorption spectrophotometry.1.2 The a
3、ctual working range of this test method is 1 to 5mg/L barium.1.3 This test method was used successfully on artificialbrine samples.It is the users responsibility to ensure thevalidity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe
4、regarded as the standard.The values given in parenthesesare for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
5、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices f
6、or Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4691 Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by FlameAtomic Absorption SpectrophotometryD4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for WaterSamples Containing Organic and Inorganic ConstituentsD5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD5847 Practice for W
7、riting Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1129.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method3is dependent upon the fact thatmetallic atoms,in the ground state,will
8、 absorb light of thesame wavelength they emit when excited.When radiation froma given excited element is passed through a flame containingground state atoms of that element,the intensity of thetransmitted radiation will decrease in proportion to the amountof the ground state element in the flame.A h
9、ollow-cathodelamp whose cathode is made of the element to be determinedprovides the radiation.4.2 The metal atoms4to be measured are placed in the beamof radiation by aspirating the specimen into an oxidant-fuelflame.A monochromator isolates the characteristic radiationfrom the hollow-cathode lamp a
10、nd a photosensitive devicemeasures the attenuated transmitted radiation.4.3 Since the variable and sometimes high concentrations ofmatrix materials in the waters and brines affect absorptiondifferently,it becomes imperative to prepare standard sampleswith matrices similar to the unknown samples.This
11、 is accom-plished by preparing synthetic standard samples with similarcompositions as the unknowns.The standard samples andunknown samples are aspirated,the absorption readings re-corded,a calibration curve for the standard samples con-structed,and the original sample concentration calculated.5.Sign
12、ificance and Use5.1 Since water containing acid-soluble barium compoundsis known to be toxic,this test method serves the useful purposeof determining the barium in brackish water,seawater,andbrines.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibi
13、lity of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Sept.1,2011.Published September 2011.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3651 07.DOI:10.1520/D3651-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact
14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Fletcher,G.F.and Collins,A.G.,Atomic Absorption Methods of Analysis of OilField Brines:Barium,Calcium,Copper,Iron,Lead,Lithium,Magnesium,Manga
15、-nese,Potassium,Sodium,Strontium,and Zinc,U.S.Bureau of Mines,Report ofInvestigations 7861,1974,14 pp.Collins,A.G.,Geochemistry of Oil Field Waters,Elsevier Publishing Co.,Amsterdam,The Netherlands,1974.4Angino,E.E.and Billings,G.K.,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry inGeology,Elsevier Publishing C
16、o.,New York,NY 1967.Dean,J.A.and Rains,T.C.,Editors,Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry,Vol.1,Theory,1969,Vol 2,Components,1971,and Vol 3,Elements and Matrices,1975,MarcelDekker,New York,NY.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Interferences6.1 Ionization interference is controlled by adding potas-sium.6.2 Matrix interferences,caused by hig
