1、Designation:D 4271 88(Reapproved 2001)Standard Practice forWriting Statements on Sampling in Test Methods forTextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4271;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice serves as a guide for preparing statementson sampling in methods of test for textiles.Illustrative texts
3、 areincluded which,with suitable modification,can be used asstarting points for writing statements on sampling for any ofthe usual forms in which textiles are shipped.1.2 Since the primary purpose of ASTM test methods is toevaluate some characteristic of a material being transferredfrom a supplier t
4、o a purchaser,the procedures for sampling inthis practice are directed to the acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments of a product.Test methods which are notrecommended for use in acceptance testing of commercialshipments or which are only intended for ranking products fordevelopmental purposes,
5、may require modifications in theformat of the appropriate illustrative text,such as the omissionof any reference to lot samples.1.3 ASTM standards are developed by a consensus processthat considers the interests of producers,consumers,and thegeneral public.Committee D-13,therefore,recommends giv-ing
6、 preference to methods of selecting sampling plans,such asthe two-point plans in the annexes in Practice D 3777,thatrequire conscious consideration of both the producers risk andthe consumers risk.The consumers risk can be determined forthe sampling plans in MIL-STD-105D and MIL-STD-414 butthose mil
7、itary standards tend to focus attention on the produc-ers risk rather than on both the producers and consumersrisks.1.4 This practice makes no attempt to develop any theoreti-cal basis for sampling.The theoretical basis for sampling isdiscussed in a number of standard statistical texts(1-5)2as wella
8、s in Practice E 105.Procedures for developing simple two-point single sampling plans for acceptance testing are given inPractice D 3777.1.5 This standard includes the following sections:Attributes versus Variates5.1Nomenclature for Sampling and TestingAnnex A1Random Sampling5.2Systematic Sampling5.3
9、TerminologySection 3Test Methods Included in SpecificationsBackground and Format6.2Fabrics(attributes)11.3Fabrics(measurements)12.3Fibers(attributes)7.3Fibers(measurements)8.3Finished Products(attributes)13.3Finished Products(measurements)14.3Textile Strands(attributes)9.3Textile Strands(measurement
10、s)10.3Independent Test MethodsBackground and Format6.1Fabrics(attributes)11.2Fabrics(measurements)12.2Fibers(attributes)7.2Fibers(measurements)8.2Finished Products(attributes)13.2Finished Products(measurements)14.2Textile Strands(attributes)9.2Textile Strands(measurements)10.2Uses and SignificanceSe
11、ction 42.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles3D 584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory Scale3D 1060 Practice for Core Sampling Raw Wool in Packagesfor Determination of Percentage of Clean Fiber Present3D 1234 Method for Sampling and Testing St
12、aple Length ofGrease Wool3D 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing3D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing3D 2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for Moisture3D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles3D 3333 Practice for Sampling Man-Made Staple Fibers,Sliver,o
13、r Tow for Testing4D 3777 Practice for Writing Specifications for Textiles4E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials52.2Military Standards:MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes61This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
14、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.93 on Statistics.Current edition approved July 29,1988.Published September 1988.Originallypublished as D 4271 83.Last previous edition D 4271 83e1.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.3Annual
15、Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19
16、428-2959,United States.MIL-STD-414 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Variables and Percent Defective63.Terminology3.1 acceptable quality level(AQL or p1),nin acceptancesampling,the maximum fraction of nonconforming items atwhich the process average can be considered satisfactory;theprocess average at which the risk of rejection is called theproducers risk.3.2 acceptance number(c),nin acceptance sampling,themaximum number of nonconforming items in a sample thatallows the conclusio
