1、Designation:D356116(Reapproved 2021)1Standard Test Method forLithium,Potassium,and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water,Seawater,and Brines by Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3561;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe WTO caveat was editorially added in November 2021.1.Scope1.1 This tes
3、t method covers the determination of solublelithium,potassium,and sodium ions in brackish water,seawater,and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.21.2 Samples containing from 0.1 to 70 000 mg/Lof lithium,potassium,and sodium may be analyzed by this test method.1.3 This test method has been
4、used successfully withartificial brine samples.It is the users responsibility to ensurethe validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion to inch-pound units that
5、are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter
6、-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendatio
7、ns issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Wa
8、terD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing ProcessStreamsD5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer to
9、Terminology D1129.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is dependent on the fact that metallicelements,in the ground state,will absorb light of the samewavelength they emit when excited.When radiation from agiven excited element is passed through a flame containingground state atoms of that e
10、lement,the intensity of thetransmitted radiation will decrease in proportion to the amountof ground state element in the flame.A hollow cathode lampwhose cathode is made of the element to be determinedprovides the radiation.The metal atoms to be measured4,5areplaced in the beam of radiation by aspir
11、ating the specimen into1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1977.Last previous edition appr
12、oved in 2016 as D3561 16.DOI:10.1520/D3561-16R21E01.2Fletcher,G.F.and Collins,A.G.,Atomic Absorption Methods of Analysis ofOilfield Brines:Barium,Calcium,Copper,Iron,Lead,Lithium,Magnesium,Manganese,Potassium,Sodium,Strontium,and Zinc.U.S.Bureau of Mines,Reportof Investigations 7861,1974,14 pp.,Coll
13、ins,A.G.Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters,Elsevier,New York,NY,1975.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.
14、4Angino,E.E.,and Billings,G.K.,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry inGeology,Elsevier Publishing Co.,New York,NY,1967.5Dean,J.A.,and Rains,T.C.,Editors,Flame Emission and Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry,Volume 1,Theory,Marcel Dekker,New York,NY,1969.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,P
15、O Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by t
16、he World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?an oxidant fuel flame.A monochromator isolates the charac-teristic radiation from the hollow cathode lamp,and a photo-sensitive device measures the attenuated transmitted radiation,which may be read as absorbance units or directly as concen-tration on some instruments.4.2 Since the variable and sometimes high concentrations ofmatrix materials in the waters and brines affect absorptiondifferently,it is difficult to prepare st
