1、Designation:D309172(Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forSafe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3091;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last rev
2、ision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressur-ized products,either in the laboratory or in production.1.2 The values sta
3、ted in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.I
4、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statements,see Section 2.2.General Safety Precautions2.1 Suitable storage should be supplied,bot
5、h in the plantand laboratory,for toxic or flammable substances.Manufac-turers labels should be observed for toxicity or flammabilityinformation.2.2 Adequate fire extinguishers should be located at vitalpoints in the plant and laboratory.For small laboratory fires anextinguisher such as carbon dioxid
6、e is probably more suitable,since it is cleaner in operation.2.3 Suitable first aid equipment should be available in boththe plant and laboratory.Personnel should be instructed inproper first aid treatment to be used for different types ofinjuries that may occur.2.4 Safe practices should be encourag
7、ed by lectures andconstant reminders,such as posters,on the value of safetyprocedures.2.5 New operations should be inspected closely for anypossible hazards,and necessary means should be devised toguard against such hazards.3.Laboratory Research and Experimental Work3.1 Storage of Propellants and Ch
8、emicals:3.1.1 PropellantsCylinders should be stored in cool,dry,accessible places.Care should be exercised in handling cylin-ders so that they do not drop or strike each other violently.When cylinders are tapped,all connectors should be leak-free.3.1.2 ChemicalsSuitable storage for flammable chemica
9、lsand concentrates should be available.Any glass containersshould be handled with care to avoid breakage.3.2 Handling Propellants and Concentrates:3.2.1 PropellantsLaboratory personnel should be care-fully instructed in preventing burns and freezing when han-dling propellants with low boiling points
10、.Precautions shouldbe taken for the possible accumulation of propellants to a pointwhere the normal oxygen content is decreased.Adequate ventsshould be supplied.When venting the propellants from pres-sure burets or cold filling lines,precautions should be taken toprevent over accumulations of propel
11、lant vapors,and tominimize flammability hazards.3.2.2 ConcentratesProper ventilation should be providedfor the handling of highly toxic liquids.Manufacturers in-structions should be observed for toxicity information concern-ing the raw materials used.Personnel should be instructed notto smoke or hav
12、e any burners working in the vicinity of the useof flammable liquids.3.3 Handling of Sealing Machinery:3.3.1 All laboratory machinery,such as crimpers andseamers,should have adequate protection at those portionswhere accidents may occur.For example,all moving belts onseamers should have guards or pr
13、otective shields,or a deviceshould be installed on crimpers to eliminate the possibility ofgetting hands caught between the crimping head and the can.3.3.2 When sealing valves onto glass containers,careshould be taken so that the machinery does not damage thebottle,thereby causing possible future ha
14、zards when the bottleand contents are examined at elevated temperatures.All crimpsand seams should be carefully inspected before the units arebrought to higher temperatures,thereby minimizing futureaccidents due to defective containers.3.3.3 All crimping of both glass and metal containers shouldbe m
15、easured in accordance with industry standards as to depth,diameter(in the case of cans),and depth and run-out(in the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispensers.This practice was originally
16、 developed by the Chemical Specialties ManufacturersAssociation.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published October 2016.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3091 72(2008).DOI:10.1520/D3091-72R16.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles f
