1、Designation:D419403(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forOperating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis andNanofiltration Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4194;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revi
2、sion,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theoperating characteristics of reverse osmosis devices usin
3、gstandard test conditions and are not necessarily applicable tonatural waters.Three test methods are given,as follows:SectionsTest Method ABrackish Water Reverse OsmosisDevices8 13Test Method BNanofiltration Devices14 19Test Method BSeawater Reverse Osmosis Devices20 251.2 This standard does not pur
4、port to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D512 T
5、est Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-tivity of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration,Ultrafiltration,Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes3.Termi
6、nology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D1129 and D6161.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 These test methods consist of determining the desalinat-ing ability and permeate flow rate of reverse osmosis andnanofiltration devices.They are applicable to bot
7、h new andused reverse osmosis or nanofiltration devices.5.Significance and Use5.1 Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration desalinating devicescan be used to produce potable water from brackish supplies(10 000 mg/L)and seawater as well as to upgrade the qualityof industrial water.These test methods permit
8、 the measurementof the performance of reverse osmosis devices using standardsets of conditions and are intended for short-term testing(24h).These test methods can be used to determine changes thatmay have occurred in the operating characteristics of reverseosmosis and nanofiltration devices but are
9、not intended to beused for plant design.6.Reagents6.1 Purity of Reagentseagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such
10、 specifications are available.3Other grades may beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean Typ
11、e III reagent con-forming to Specification D1193.7.Apparatus7.1 The apparatus for both methods is schematically de-scribed in Fig.1 and Fig.2.A conductivity meter can be usedto determine the salt concentration in accordance with TestMethods D1125.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of AST
12、M Committee D19 onWater and are the direct responsibilities of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranesand Ion Exchange Materials.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4194 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4194-03R14.2For refer
13、enced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical
14、 Society,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S.Pharmaceutical Convention,Inc.(USPC),Rockville,MD.Copyrigh
15、t ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.2 Installation:7.2.1 Materials of construction shall be of high-qualitystainless steel(Type 316)or plastic for all wetted parts toprevent contamination of the feed solution by corrosion prod-ucts.
16、Do not use reactive piping material such as plain carbonsteel,galvanized or cadmium-plated carbon steel,and cast ironfor piping.Take care to ensure that no contamination will occurfrom oil films on new metal piping,release agents on rawplastic components,or from feed solutions previously used inthe system.If materials are suspect,thoroughly clean ordegrease or both,before use.All pressurized componentswhether stainless steel or plastic should be designed based onthe manufacturers working pressur
