1、Designation:D3161/D3161M15Standard Test Method forWind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products(Fan-Induced Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the
3、procedure for evaluatingthe wind resistance of many discontinuous,air permeable,steep slope roofing products that results from the productsrigidity,with or without contribution from sealant to help holddown the leading edge of the tabs,or mechanical interlocking,with or without contribution from sea
4、lant to help hold down theleading edge of the tabs,or any combination thereof.Theproducts are applied to a test panel in accordance with themanufacturers instructions and tested at a 2:12(17%)slope,or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using
5、 a fan-induced procedure,delivering a stream of air across theexposed surface of the test specimens.This method does notmeasure structural performance,and does not provide a mea-sure of uplift resistance.Consequently,this method is notapplicable to continuous,non-permeable roof systems or cov-erings
6、(such as membranes or mechanically-seamed metal roofpanels).1.3 This test method was formerly titled“Wind Resistanceof Asphalt Shingles(Fan-Induced Method)”but was revised toacknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steepslope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the windresi
7、stance of those products for many years by several testingand certification laboratories.Steep slope roofing products thatfall under the scope of this test method,in addition to asphaltshingles,are polymer-based shingles,fiber-cement shingles,concrete tiles,clay tiles,metal shingles,and photovoltaic
8、shingles.1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofingproduct applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm 16 in.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsyst
9、em shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish app
10、ro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Termino
11、logy D1079.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 sealas it relates to steep slope roofing products,isthe bonding that results from the use of sealant.3.2.2 sealantas it relates to steep slope roofing products,isdefined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed tohelp hold down the leading edge of the ta
12、bs.3.2.3 sealedthe condition of the products after they aresubjected to the conditioning procedure described in 8.2.3.2.4 tab,na discrete section of the exposed portion of asteep slope roofing product.3.2.4.1 DiscussionTypically,the exposed portion of anasphalt shingle consists of one or more tabs.M
13、any other steepslope roofing products consist of a single tab per unit.4.Classes of Steep Slope Roofing Products4.1 Products are of three classes:4.1.1 Class APass at a test velocity of 97 km/h 60 mph.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is
14、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved July 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3161/D3161M 14.DOI:10.1520/D3161_D3161M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the
15、 ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United Stat
16、es1 4.1.2 Class DPass at a test velocity of 145 km/h 90 mph.4.1.3 Class FPass at a test velocity of 177 km/h 110mph.5.Significance and Use5.1 Most steep slope roofing products that have demon-strated wind resistance by this test have also performed well inuse.Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity,duration,and turbulence;these conditions are beyond themeans of this test to simulate.The results of this test do notdirectly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service,and noacc
