1、Designation:D4381/D4381M12Standard Test Method forSand Content by Volume of Bentonitic Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4381/D4381M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisio
2、n.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sandcontent of bentonitic slurries used in slurry constructiontechniques.This test met
3、hod has been modified from APIRecommended Practice 13B.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from
4、 the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.The SI units are given in brackets.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p
5、ractices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Eng
6、ineering Design and Construction2.2 American Petroleum Institute(API)Standard:API RP 13B Recommended Practice Standard Procedure forTesting Drilling Fluids33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 T
7、he glass measuring tube of the sand-screen set(Fig.1)is filled with bentonitic slurry and water to the appropriatemarks and is shaken.The mixture is poured through the wetscreen.The funnel is fitted over the top of the screen and theassembly inverted,inserting the tip of the funnel into the glassmea
8、suring tube.All material is washed from the screen and theamount of sand read in the graduated tube,as percent byvolume.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the amount ofsand by volume in bentonitic slurry.The significance of thistest method mainly relates to bentonitic sl
9、urries used forconcrete wall construction.The range of measurement is toolimited for use in cement bentonite wall construction.NOTE1The quality of the result produced by this standard depends onthe competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities being use
10、d.Agencies that meet the criteria ofPractice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent andobjective testing,sampling,inspection,etc.Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensurereliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors;Prac
11、tice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6.Apparatus6.1 Sand-Content Set(see Fig.1),consisting of the follow-ing:6.1.1 Sieve,No.200 mesh(75-m),2 in.50 mm indiameter.6.1.2 Funnel,to fit screen and glass measuring tube.6.1.3 Measuring Tube,glass tube should be marked from 0to 20%
12、by volume.NOTE2Volume of sand,including void spaces between grains,ismeasured and expressed as percent by volume of bentonitic slurry.7.Procedure7.1 Fill the glass measuring tube to the designated markwith bentonitic slurry.7.2 Add water to the next designated mark.7.3 Close the mouth of the tube an
13、d shake vigorously.7.4 Pour the mixture into the clean,wet No.200(75-m)mesh sieve.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydrologicProperties and Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved June 1,20
14、12.Published August 2012.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D438106.DOI:10.1520/D4381_D4381M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from theAmerican Petroleum Institute,2101 L St.,NW,Washington,DC 20037.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.5 Discard the liquid that passes through t
16、he sieve.7.6 Add more water to the tube,shake,and pour into thesieve.Repeat until the water which passes through the sieve isclear.7.7 Wash the sand retained on the sieve to clean anyremaining slurry.7.8 Attach the funnel upside down over the top of the sieve.7.9 Carefully invert the assembly and insert the tip of thefunnel into the mouth of the glass measuring tube.7.10 With a fine spray of water,wash the sand retained onthe sieve back into the measuring tube.7.11 Allow the sand to settle.7.12
