1、Designation:D 2960 98Standard Test Method forControlled Laundering Test Using Naturally Soiled Fabricsand Household Appliances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2960;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision
2、,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a testing technique that may beused for comparing the cleaning and whitening or brigh
3、teningperformance of home laundering products or home launderingprocedures.This testing is done on naturally soiled familyitems in home laundering equipment in a laboratory undercontrolled conditions on a paired comparison basis.As many asfour detergents have been put into order by evaluating the se
4、tof matched garments two at a time.1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overallperformance of laundry product.A single test can only predicthow products compare under the particular conditions chosenfor evaluation and cannot be expected to reflect their compara-tive performance under
5、 the many other possible conditions ofuse.A series of assessments is always necessary in order toevaluate the many aspects of product performance.While thereare laboratory methods of measuring individual aspects ofperformance(for example,redeposition,solubility),it is nec-essary to conduct confirmin
6、g tests under controlled but prac-tical home laundering conditions to simulate consumer expe-rience more closely.1.2.1 Among the variables that can affect the performanceof home laundering products or procedures and that shall beconsidered in designing tests for their evaluation are:type offiber,fab
7、ric construction,fabric finish,types of items to bewashed,load size,kind and level of soils or stains,waterhardness,water temperature,pretreatments,the presence ofvarious laundering aids,the concentration of products in thelaundering solution,sequence of addition of products,water,laundry,wash time,
8、rate and type of agitation,spin speed,drying or ironing methods,and conditions under which theitems are judged.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
9、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque Materials2D 3050 Guide for Measuring Soil Removal fromArtificially
10、Soiled Fabrics(Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)3E 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor,45-deg,0-deg,of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band FilterReflectometry2E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurements of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof Materials2E 284 Term
11、inology of Appearance2E 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates22.2ANSI Standards:4L14.175 Reflectance,Blue and Whiteness of Bleached Fab-ricZ224.1(AHAM HLW-1)AHAM Household Washer Per-formance Evaluation Procedure3.Summary of Test
12、Method3.1 This test method consists of comparing matched loadsof laundry through a series of soiling and washing cycles.Thewashings are performed by using predetermined concentrationsof the two or more detergents or two or more laundry additives,or both,and predetermined but identical water temperat
13、uresand water hardness conditions in the same machine or inmatched machines.If more than one machine is used,it isrecommended that the loads and machines be rotated.Thelaundry bundle from each family is separated into two or morematched loads.All loads are to have been soiled in the sametime period
14、by each family.A judgment of relative perfor-mance is made at the end of each laundering cycle.It isgenerally necessary to continue for at least ten cycles toascertain whether or not a significant difference exists.3.2 This multicycle test may minimize or exaggerate thetrue relationship of the sever
15、al detergents.Repeat tests shall bemade to confirm or deny results that are questionable for anyreason whatsoever.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-12 on Soapand Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.25 onConsumer Standards.Current editio
16、n approved Jan.10,1998.Published June 1998.Originallypublished as D 2960 71 T.Last previous edition D 2960 89e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.04.4Available from American National Standards Institute,11 W.42nd St.,13thFloor,New York,NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.3 Gross inconsistencies in soiling and staining by panel-ists,dye transfer from one item to others during the wash,inconsist
