1、Designation:D417415Standard Practice forCleaning,Flushing,and Purification of Petroleum FluidHydraulic Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4174;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、 revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers aid for the equipment manufacturer,the installer,the oil supplier and the operator in coordinatingtheir e
3、fforts towards obtaining and maintaining clean petro-leum fluid hydraulic systems.Of necessity,this practice isgeneralized due to variations in the type of equipment,build-ers practices,and operating conditions.Constant vigilance isrequired throughout all phases of design,fabrication,installation,fl
4、ushing,testing,and operation of hydraulic sys-tems to minimize and reduce the presence of contaminants andto obtain optimum system reliability.1.2 This practice is presented in the following sequence:SectionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Significance and Use4Types of Contamination5General5.1
5、Water5.2Soluble Contaminants5.3Insoluble Contaminants5.4Lodged Contamination5.4.2.1Suspended or Loose Contamination5.4.2.2Contamination Control6General6.1Initial Filling6.1.1In-Service Units6.1.2Connection of Contamination Control System6.1.3Piping or Tubing Contamination Control System6.1.4Contamin
6、ation Control Procedures6.2Full Flow Contamination Control6.2.1Bypass Contamination Control6.2.2Batch Contamination Control6.2.3Contamination Control Processes6.3Gravity6.3.1Mechanical6.3.2Centrifuge6.3.2.1SectionFilters6.3.2.2Supplementary Methods6.3.3Limitations of Contamination Control Devices6.3
7、.4Storage7General7.1Inspection8General8.1System Components8.2Valves,Strainers,and Coolers8.2.1Sumps and Tanks8.2.2Control Devices8.2.3Pumps8.2.4Flushing Program9General9.1Preparation of System for Flushing9.2Fluid Heating Prior to Flushing9.3Selection of Flushing Oils9.4System Operation Fluid9.4.1Sp
8、ecial Flushing Oil9.4.2Flushing Oil Selection Guide9.4.3Flushing Procedure for New Systems9.5Flushing Oil Charge9.5.1Cleaning of Filtration Devices9.5.2Cleaning of System Components9.5.3System Flushing and Flush Acceptance Criteria9.5.4Draining of Flushing Oil9.5.5Displacement Oil9.5.6Interim Corros
9、ion Protection9.5.7New Fluid Charge9.5.8Flushing of Used Systems9.6General Guidelines9.6.1Procedure9.6.2System Maintenance10Preinstallation10.2In-Service Units10.3Decision to Flush In-Service Hydraulic Systems10.4Fluid Condition Monitoring11Fluid Sampling Techniques11.2Visual Inspection11.3Laborator
10、y Analysis11.4Fluid Cleanliness Criteria11.5General Information12Centrifuge Ratings12.2Coalescence12.3Vacuum Dehydration12.4Adsorption12.51.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1This practice is under the jurisdicti
11、on of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.N0.02on Industrial Applications.Current edition approved April 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4174 89(2010).DOI:10.1520/
12、D4174-15.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresp
13、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of
14、 Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1774 Test Method for Elastic Properties of Textile Fibers(Withdrawn 2000)3D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDist
15、illate Fuels by CentrifugeD4006 Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by DistillationD7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Newand In-Service Lubricating Oils andAdditives by RelativeHumidity SensorD7647 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting ofLubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Di
16、lution Tech-niques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Inter-fering Soft Particles by Light ExtinctionF311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples forParticulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-tersF312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane FiltersF313 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of HydraulicFluids by Gravimetric Analysis(Withdrawn 1988)32.2 ANSI Standards:B93.2 Glossary of Terms for Fluid Power4B93.19
