1、Designation:D398712(Reapproved 2020)Standard Practice forShake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3987;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solidwaste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine theconstituents leached
3、under the specified testing conditions.1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known massof waste with water of specified composition and the separationof the aqueous phase for analysis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Values given in parentheses are mathematic
4、al con-versions to inch-pound units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,healt
5、h,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internatio
6、nal Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum andGypsum Products(Metric)D75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD420 Guide for Site
7、 Characterization for Engineering De-sign and Construction PurposesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3370 Practices for Sampling Water fr
8、om Flowing ProcessStreamsD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Definitions3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice,seeTerminology D5681.4.Significanc
9、e and Use4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtainingan extract of solid waste.The extract may be used to estimatethe release of constituents of the solid waste under thelaboratory conditions described in this procedure.4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that isr
10、epresentative of the actual leachate produced from a solidwaste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the solebasis of engineering design.4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specificleaching conditions.It has not been demonstrated to simulateactual disposal site leaching c
11、onditions.4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of theextract reflects the interaction of the extractant with thebuffering capacity of the solid waste.4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extractionsimulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominantfactor in determ
12、ining the pH of the extract.4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to thedetermination of both major and minor constituents.Whenminor constituents are being determined,it is especiallyimportant that precautions are taken in sample storage andhandling to avoid possible contamination of
13、 the samples.4.7 The practice has not been tested for applicability toorganic substances and volatile matter.5.Apparatus5.1 Agitation Equipment,of any type that rotates about acentral axis at a rate of 29 6 2 r/min and mixes samples in anend-over-end fashion(see example equipment in Fig.1).1This pra
14、ctice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved May 1,2020.Published May 2020.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3987 12.DOI:10.
15、1520/D3987-12R20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Driv
16、e,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.NOTE1Modifications to the agitation technique(orientation or rate)could result in alteration of the degree of mixing or the rat
