1、Designation:D412409Standard Test Method forSeparation of Asphalt into Four Fractions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4124;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the separation of four definedfractions from petroleum asphalts.The four fractions aredefined as saturates,naphthene aromatics,po
3、lar aromatics,andiso-octane insoluble asphaltenes.This method can also be usedto isolate saturates,naphthene aromatics,and polar aromaticsfrom distillate products such as vacuum gas oils,lubricatingoils,and cycle stocks.These distillate products usually do notcontain asphaltenes.1.2 The values state
4、d in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
5、 limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not beendeveloped,this test method is to be used for research orinformational purposes only.Therefore,this standard shouldnot be used for acceptance or rejection o
6、f a material forpurchasing purposes.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials2.2 Other Documents:Manual on Hydrocarbon Analysis33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 asphaltenes or alkane insolublesinsoluble matterthat c
7、an be separated from asphalt following digestion of theasphalt in n-alkane(and in some cases,branched alkanes)under the specified conditions in this test method.3.1.2 naphtheneany of a group of hydrocarbon ring com-pounds of the general formula,CnH2n,derivatives of cyclopen-tane and cyclohexane,foun
8、d in certain petroleum stocks.3.1.3 naphthene aromaticsmaterial that is adsorbed oncalcined CG-20 alumina in the presence of n-heptane,anddesorbed by toluene,after removal of saturates under theconditions specified.3.1.4 petrolenes(also referred to as maltenes)(1)any ofthe constituents of a bitumen,
9、as asphalt,that are soluble inn-alkanes(and in some cases,branched alkanes),whichgenerally range in carbon number between n-C5to n-C10alkanes,n-heptane being the most common solvent used;(2)the low molecular weight alkane-soluble matter recoveredfollowing separation of asphaltenes from the digested
10、mixtureunder the specified conditions described in this and similar testmethods.3.1.5 polar aromatics(resins)material desorbed from cal-cined CG-20 alumina absorbent,after the saturates fraction andnaphthenic aromatics fraction have been removed,using tolu-ene:methanol(50:50,vol:vol)and trichloroeth
11、ylene eluateunder the conditions specified.3.1.6 saturatesmaterial that,on percolation in an alkaneeluate,is not absorbed on calcined CG-20 alumina absorbentunder the conditions specified.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample containing the four defined fractions is firstseparated into alkane-insol
12、uble asphaltenes and alkane-solublepetrolenes.Petrolenes are then adsorbed onto calcined CG-20alumina and further fractionated into saturate,naphthenearomatic,and polar aromatic fractions by pumping an eluo-tropic series of elution solvents upwards through a glasschromatographic column packed with c
13、alcined alumina.Elutedfractions are recovered by solvent removal prior to finalweighing.The three eluted fractions plus the alkane-precipitated asphaltenes comprise the four fractions as definedin Section 3.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method separates asphalts into four well-defined fraction
14、s.Analysis of these fractions can be used to1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 inMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved July 1,2009.Published August 2009.Originallyapprove
15、d in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4124 01.DOI:10.1520/D4124-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page ont
16、he ASTM website.3Available from ASTM as PCN 03-332030-12.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 evaluate asphalt composition(1,2).For example,one cancompare the ratios of the fractions with other asphalt systemsto evaluate processing and aging parameters that relate toperformance properties of the asphalt.6.Apparatus and Materials6.1 Reflux Apparatus for Asphaltene/Maltene Separation,with features as specified in Fig.1.(see 6
