1、Designation:D438321Standard Specification forPlowable,Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4383;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers several types of plowable,retroreflective pavement markers for lane marking and delin-eation.1.2 Retroreflective marke
3、rs are intended for nighttime vis-ibility under both wet and dry conditions.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard,except where noted in the document.Thevalues given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SIunits that are provided for information only and
4、 are notconsidered standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to th
5、etest methods portion,Section 10,of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety,health,andenvironmental practices and determine the applicabi
6、lity ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the Wor
7、ld Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A536 Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsC778 Specification for Standard SandD5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-rialsD36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen(Ring
8、-and-Ball Apparatus)D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt(Displacement Method)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt MaterialsD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC)PlasticPipe,Schedules 40,80,
9、and 120D3111 Practice for Flexibility Determination of Hot-MeltAdhesives by Mandrel Bend TestD4280 Specification for Extended Life Type,Nonplowable,Raised Retroreflective Pavement MarkersD4402/D4402M Test Method for Viscosity Determination ofAsphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a RotationalViscome
10、terE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE808 Practice for Describing Retrorefl
11、ectionE809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics ofRetroreflectorsE811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics ofRetroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions2.2 Federal Specification:3TT-T-291 Thinner,Paint,Mineral Spirits,Regular and Odor-less2.3 AASHTO Standard:4AASHTO M 237
12、 Epoxy ResinAdhesive for Bonding TrafficMarkers to Hardened Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved Dec.15,2021.Publish
13、ed January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4383 18.DOI:10.1520/D4383-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the st
14、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials(AASHTO),444 N.
15、Capitol St.,NW,Suite 249,Washington,DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
16、established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cleanabilitythe ability of a retroreflective marker tokeep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and environmentalconditions.3.1.2 coeffcient of luminous intensity,RIthe ratio of theluminous intensity(I)of the retroreflector in the direction ofobservation to the i
