1、Designation:D278220Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of LubricatingFluids(Timken Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of the Timke
3、nExtreme Pressure Tester.NOTE1This test method is suitable for testing fluids having aviscosity of less than about 5000 cSt(5000 mm2/s)at 40 C.For testingfluids having a higher viscosity,refer to Note 5 in 9.1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Because the equipment used
4、 in this test method isavailable only in inch-pound units,SI units are omitted whenreferring to the equipment and the test specimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
5、h appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning statements are given in 7.1,7.2,8.1,8.2,9.4,and 9.9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principle
6、s on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2509 Test Method for Measurement of Loa
7、d-CarryingCapacity of Lubricating Grease(Timken Method)D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 extreme pressure(EP)additive,nin a lubricant,asubstance that minimizes damage to metal surf
8、aces in contactunder high-stress rubbing conditions.D41753.1.2 lubricant,nany substance interposed between twosurfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear betweenthem.G403.1.3 scoring,nin tribology,a severe form of wear char-acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratchesin th
9、e direction of sliding.G403.1.4 wear,ndamage to a solid surface generally involv-ing progressive loss of material,due to relative motion betweenthat surface and a contacting substance or substances.G403.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 load-carrying capacity of a lubricant,nas
10、deter-mined by this test method,the maximum load or pressure thatcan be sustained by the lubricant(when used in the givensystem under specific conditions)without failure of the slidingcontact surfaces as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperitywelding.3.2.2 OK value,nas determined by this test me
11、thod,themaximum mass(weight)added to the load lever weight pan,atwhich no scoring or seizure occurs.3.2.3 score value,nas determined by this test method,theminimum mass(weight)added to the load lever weight pan,atwhich scoring or seizure occurs.3.2.3.1 DiscussionWhen the lubricant film is substantia
12、llymaintained,a smooth scar is obtained on the test block,butwhen there is a breakdown of the lubricant film,scoring orsurface failure of the test block takes place,as shown in Figs.1 and 2.In its simplest and most recognized form,scoring ischaracterized by the furrowed appearance of a wide scar on
13、thetest block and by excessive pick-up of metal on the surface ofthe test cup.The form of surface failure more usuallyencountered,however,consists of a comparatively smoothscar,which shows local damage that usually extends beyondthe width of the scar.Scratches or striations that occur in an1This tes
14、t method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids andLubricates.Current edition approved Oct.1,2020.Published October 2020.Originallyappro
15、ved in 1969.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2782 17.DOI:10.1520/D2782-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page o
16、nthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Commi
