1、Designation:D398712Standard Practice forShake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3987;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solidwaste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine theconstituents leached under the specifi
3、ed testing conditions.1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known massof waste with water of specified composition and the separationof the aqueous phase for analysis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Values given in parentheses are mathematical con-versions t
4、o inch-pound units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a
5、nd determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum andGypsum Products(Metric)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction
6、Purposes(Withdrawn 2011)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD5681 Terminology for Wa
7、ste and Waste ManagementE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Definitions3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice,seeTerminology D5681.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid
8、 means for obtainingan extract of solid waste.The extract may be used to estimatethe release of constituents of the solid waste under thelaboratory conditions described in this procedure.4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that isrepresentative of the actual leachate produced fro
9、m a solidwaste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the solebasis of engineering design.4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specificleaching conditions.It has not been demonstrated to simulateactual disposal site leaching conditions.4.4 The intent of this practice is that
10、 the final pH of theextract reflects the interaction of the extractant with thebuffering capacity of the solid waste.4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extractionsimulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominantfactor in determining the pH of the extract.4.6 The practice prod
11、uces an extract that is amenable to thedetermination of both major and minor constituents.Whenminor constituents are being determined,it is especiallyimportant that precautions are taken in sample storage andhandling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.4.7 The practice has not been tested
12、 for applicability toorganic substances and volatile matter.5.Apparatus5.1 Agitation Equipment,of any type that rotates about acentral axis at a rate of 29 6 2 r/min and mixes samples in anend-over-end fashion(see example equipment in Fig.1.)NOTE1Modifications to the agitation technique(orientation
13、or rate)could result in alteration of the degree of mixing or the rate of release ofconstituents as well as causing particle abrasion.As a result,the precisionof the practice may also be influenced.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct re
14、sponsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3987 06.DOI:10.1520/D3987-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orconta
15、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Bo
16、x C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 Membrane Filter AssemblyA borosilicate glass orstainless steel funnel with a flat,fritted base of the samematerial and membrane filters.5.3 Containers,round,wide-mouth,of a composition suit-able to the nature of the solid waste and the analyses to beperformed,and constructed of materials that will not allowsorption of constituents of interest.5.3.1 Containers should be of sufficient size to contain themass of the solid sample plus the vol
