1、Designation:D181705(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forRubber ChemicalsDensity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1817;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof solid chemicals used as rubber additives during processingand manufacture.It is intended for de
3、termining the density ofthe rubber chemical itself and not for the determination of theeffective density of the chemical in a rubber.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
4、s all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in
5、 accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 AS
6、TM Standards:2E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The density of the test specimen is obtained via wetpycnometry.4.Significance and Use4.1 The density of a rubber chemical is used for calculatingthe rubber c
7、ompound volume,which is used to determine thecost of a rubber product.The density may also be used as a rawmaterial control tool.5.Apparatus5.1 Pycnometer,50-cm3capacity.NOTE1The weld type with the cap seal on the outside of the neck ofthe bottle is preferred because there is less danger of trapping
8、 air justunder the capillary tube than with types having the ground seal on theinside of the neck.The stopper may contain a thermometer.However,thecontrol of the temperature is through the adjustment of the water bathrather than by this thermometer.5.2 Water Bath,maintained at 23 6 0.5C and equipped
9、with a stirring device.5.3 Pressure MeterA gauge or manometer that is accurateto 0.2 kPa,is required to measure the differential pressurebetween the outside and inside of the system.5.3.1 Alternatively,a device for measuring the absolutepressure inside the system can be used.The range of themeasurin
10、g device should be at least 100 kPa for differentialpressure meters and at least 10 kPa for absolute pressuremeters.5.4 DesiccatorA glass desiccator constructed with heavywalls to withstand a differential pressure of 100 kPa and withan opening at the side or top.The desiccator should be enclosedin a
11、 sturdy box or shield to prevent possible injury to theoperator.5.5 Vacuum PumpAn oil-filled,motor-driven pump,ca-pable of reducing the absolute pressure of the system to 2 kPa.5.6 Thermometer,having a minimum range from 10 to 30Cand graduated in 0.1C divisions.ASTM Solidification PointThermometer h
12、aving a range from 0 to 30C and conformingto the requirements for Thermometer 90C as prescribed inSpecification E1,may be used.5.7 Weighing BottleA wide-mouth,cylindrical,glassweighing bottle(about 30 mm in height and 70 mm indiameter)provided with a ground-glass stopper.6.Sampling6.1 Select a repre
13、sentative sample of the chemical to betested in accordance with the appropriate section of PracticeE300.6.2 Mesh SizeRubber chemicals are generally in the formof powders that require no further treatment.Grind any lumps,pellets,and so forth,to pass a 149-m sieve prior to thedetermination.1This test
14、method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.11on Chemical Analysis.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published November 2021.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1817
15、 05(2016).DOI:10.1520/D1817-05R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.16.3 DryingIt is not necessary to dry rubber chemicals,unless it is known that they contain sufficient water t
