1、Designation:D2175 97(Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBook Bulk and Book Bulking Number of Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2175;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of rev
2、ision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method provides a means of determining thebook bulk and bulking number of printing paper under
3、aspecified pressure.1.2 For thickness of single sheets or small packs of sheets,see Test Method D645/D645M.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
4、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD645/D645M Test Method for Thickness of Paper andPaperboardD685 Pr
5、actice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology D1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.34.Summary of Test Method4.1 A stack of sheets of a specified height or a
6、specifiednumber of sheets is placed between parallel platens,thespecified pressure is applied,and the distance between theplaten faces is read from an indicator.5.Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of book bulk by this test method isparticularly useful to book manufacturers and printers fordete
7、rmining the probable thickness of a book consisting of aparticular paper in a specified number of sheets or pages.6.Apparatus6.1 Testing Instrument,conforming to the following require-ments:6.1.1 Two Metal Plane Parallel Circular Concentric Faces,one movable,one fixed,and parallel to within 60.1 mm(
8、0.004in.).The movable face,or platen,is 20 cm2(about 3 in.2)inarea.The fixed platen has a diameter equal to or larger than thatof the movable platen.6.1.2 Means by which the movable platen may be raised toseparate the platen faces by a distance of over 25 mm(about 1in.)and be lowered with a pressure
9、 of 250 6 10 kPa(36.3 61.4 psi).NOTE1It is convenient to be able to measure directly the bulk ofbooks up to 51 mm(2 in.)in thickness.Hence,a platen separation of thisamount is desirable.For some purposes,other pressures have been founduseful;it should therefore be possible to apply,maintain,and indi
10、cate thepressure to the nearest 10 kPa(about 1.5 psi)throughout the range from0 to 350 kPa(0 to about 50 psi).6.1.3 Means by which the distance between the platen facesmay be read,while under pressure,to the nearest 0.5 mm(0.02in.),with an accuracy of 60.25 mm(60.01 in.).7.Sampling and Test Specimen
11、s7.1 Obtain a sample of the paper in accordance withPractice D585,except use separate sheets for a test pack(testspecimen)when the test unit is in the form of cut sheets or cutthem from locations at least 300 mm(about 12 in.)apart whenthe test unit is in the form of a roll.7.2 The specimens may cons
12、ist of sheets of any sizeconvenient for handling,but not less than 64 mm(about 2.5in.)square.The number of sheets required for each test pack isas follows:7.2.1 For procedure 10.1,the number of which the total bulkis desired to be known.7.2.2 For procedure 10.2,the approximate number that willbulk 2
13、5 mm(about 1 in.)under the specified pressure.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved April 1,2007.Published
14、 May 2007.Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2175 97(2002).DOI:10.1520/D2175-97R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either b
16、een superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information7.3 From each test unit of the sample,prepare one test pack.8.Calibration8.1 Parallelism of the Platens:8.1.1 Place a metal block with parallel faces,25.4 mm(1in.)thick,centrally between the platens.Place four narrowmetal strips each of the same thickness and 20 to 50 mm longradially on the block at right angles with their inner endsequidistant(10 mm)from the periphery of t
