1、Designation:D419508(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forWater Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and NanofiltrationApplication1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4195;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performedon any given water sample if reverse osmosis(RO)ornanofiltration
3、(NF)application is being considered.(See alsoTest Methods D511,D512,D513,D516,D858,D859,D888,D1068,D1179,D1253,D1293,D1889,D3352,D3370,D3561,D3867,D4189,D4194,and D4382.)1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackishwaters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to wastewaters.1.3
4、 This is a guide only and should not be construed as adelineation of all ions known to exist in waters.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if
5、 any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Wat
6、erD512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxidein WaterD516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD857 Test Method for Aluminum in WaterD858 Test Methods for Manganese in WaterD859 Test Method for Silica in WaterD888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxyg
7、en in WaterD1068 Test Methods for Iron in WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in WaterD1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water(Withdrawn2007)3D2579 Test Method for Total Organic
8、Carbon in Water(Withdrawn 2002)3D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,Seawater,and BrinesD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3561 Test Method for Lithium,Potassium,and SodiumIons in Brackish Water,Seawater,and Brines by AtomicAbsorption SpectrophotometryD3867 Test
9、 Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in WaterD4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index(SDI)of WaterD4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration DevicesD4382 Test Method for Barium in Water,AtomicAbsorptionSpectrophotometry,Graphite FurnaceD6161 Terminology Used for
10、Microfiltration,Ultrafiltration,Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes2.2 APHA Standards:4APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water andWastewater,Sixteenth Edition,1985,pp.470478,Part427,Sulfite3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to T
11、erminology D1129 and D6161.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of analyzing water samples for ions,gases,suspended material,and organics,as well as measuringthe pH and temperature of the water.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility
12、of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion ExchangeMaterials.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4195 08.DOI:10.1520/D4195-08R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact AS
13、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available fromAmerican Public HealthAssociation(APHA),800 I
14、Street,NWWashington,DC 20001,http:/www.apha.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 The performance of RO or NF membranes is stronglyinfluenced by the composition of the feed solution.Overall saltreje
15、ction is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to poly-valent ions as well as the sum total of ions present.Thepermeate flow rate of RO or NF devices is also dependent uponthe sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature,pressure,and recovery rate.Analyses and measurements per-formed
16、 in this guide will provide vital data for salt rejectionand permeate flow projections of RO or NF systems forspecific feedwaters.5.2 The recovery at which a RO or NF system can be safelyoperated is dependent upon the composition of the feedsolution.The analyses and measurements performed in thisguide will provide data for the calculation of the maximumrecovery of a RO or NF system for a given feed solution.5.3 The analyses and measurements performed in this guidewill be of great assistance in d
