1、Designation:D 427 04Standard Test Method forShrinkage Factors of Soils by the Mercury Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 427;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for obtaining thedata which are used to calculate the shrinkage limit and theshrinkage ratio.1.2 This test
3、method uses mercury which is a hazardoussubstance.Test Method D 4943 does not use mercury and is anacceptable alternate to this procedure.1.3 The liquid limit,plastic limit,and shrinkage limit areoften collectively referred to as the Atterberg Limits in recog-nition of their formation by Swedish soi
4、l scientist,A.Atter-berg.These water contents distinguish the boundaries of theseveral consistency states of cohesive soils.1.4 This test method is performed only on that portion of asoil which passes the 425-m(No.40)sieve.The relativecontribution of this portion of the soil must be considered whenu
5、sing this test method to evaluate the properties of the soil asa whole.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values stated in inch-pound units are approxi-mate and given for guidance only.Reporting of test results inunits other than SI shall not be regarded as nonco
6、nformancewith this standard.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding practices estab-lished in Practice D 6026.1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated,or recorded in this standard is not directly related toth
7、e accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or otheruses,or both.How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
8、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.This test methodinvolves the use of the hazardous material mercury(Warningmercury is a definite health hazard in use anddisposal),see Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2
9、.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD 421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Analysis and Determination ofSoil ConstantsD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFlu
10、idsD 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Us
11、ed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit,Plastic Limit,andPlasticity Index of SoilsD 4753 Specification for Evaluating,Selecting,and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil,Rock,and Related Construction MaterialsD 4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Fac
12、tors of Soils by theWax MethodD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal Data3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions used in this test method shall be inaccordance with Terminology D 653.3.1.2 dry strengtha descriptive measure of the effortrequired to crush an air-dried
13、 12-mm(12-in.)diameter ball ofsoil in accordance with Practice D 2488.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture,Plasticity,and Density Characteristics of Soils.Current edition approved Feb.1,200
14、4.Published February 2004.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 427 98.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of fine-grained soil is thoroughly remoldedwith w
16、ater to approximate the liquid limit consistency.Thesaturated paste is placed into a container of known volume andslowly dried.The final mass and volume of the solid soil patare determined.These measurements are used to compute thesoil constants.5.Significance and Use5.1 The shrinkage factors covered in this test method canonly be determined on basically fine-grained(cohesive)soilswhich exhibit a dry strength when air dried.5.2 The term shrinkage limit,expressed as a water contentin percent,is t
