1、Designation:D441800(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forReceipt,Storage,and Handling of Fuels forGas Turbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、 revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the receipt,storage,and handling offuels for gas turbines,except for gas turbines used in aircraft.It is i
3、ntended to provide guidance for the control of substancesin a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system,or the gas turbine,or both.1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-tion of a grade of fuel,a topic covered by Specification D2880,or for the safety aspects
4、of the fuel and fuel systems.Forexample,this practice does not address the spacings of storagetanks,loading and unloading facilities,etc.,and procedures fordealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values g
5、iven in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
6、 limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelO
7、il(Accelerated Method)D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystems3.Terminology3.1 fuel
8、entering the combustor(s)this term is used todesignate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from thepoint of entry into the combustor(s),provided the sample isrepresentative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).3.2 fuel contam
9、inantsin principle,are any fuel componentother than hydrocarbon oils.In the present context the con-taminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitableor even unsuitable for the intended use.The contaminants ofprimary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent tothe manufactur
10、e of specification quality fuel.Hence they arematerials introduced in the distribution system(that is storagetanks,pipelines,tank,trucks,barges,etc.),or in the usersstorage and handling systems,or generated within thesesystems(rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel,etc.).Contaminants
11、may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.3.3 dissolved and free waterwater may be present in thefuel as dissolved water or as“free”(undissolved)water,orboth.The free water may be fresh or saline.Fresh water mayenter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks,from conden-sation out of moisture-laden a
12、ir,or from leaking cooling coils.Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in bargesor tankers.3.4 particulate solidsmay enter a fuel from the air(sus-pended dirt and aerosols)or from the distribution and storagesystems(rust,corrosion products,gasket debris,and so forth).3.5 metallic com
13、poundsmetals may be present as metalliccompounds in the fuel as a natural result of the composition ofthe crude oil and of the refining process.However,unlessspecial precautions are taken,additional metallic compoundscan be acquired during distribution and storage.A commercialproduct pipeline may co
14、ntain residues of lead-containinggasoline that would then be dissolved by the gas turbine fuel.Tank trucks,railroad tankcars,barges,and tankers may beinadequately cleaned and contain residues of past cargos.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fu
15、els,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.E0 on Burner,Diesel,Non-Aviation Gas Turbine,and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published October 2011.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4418 00(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4418-00R1
16、1.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Acidic components in saline water salts in the fuel may reactwith distribution and storage equipment.3.6 microbial slimesmay result when conditions are co
