1、Designation:D278321Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of LubricatingFluids(Four-Ball Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2783;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying properties of lubricating fluids.The following tw
3、odeterminations are made:1.1.1 Load-wear index(formerly Mean-Hertz load).1.1.2 Weld point by means of the four-ball extreme-pressure(EP)tester.1.2 For the determination of the load-carrying properties oflubricating greases,see Test Method D2596.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4、standard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
5、te safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopmen
6、t of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2596 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Grease(Four-Ball Method)G40 Terminology Re
7、lating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI/ABMA/ISO Standard:3290-1-2014 Rolling Bearings Balls Part 1:Steel Balls33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compensation line,na line of plot on logarithmicpaper,as shown in Fig.1,where the coordinates are scardiameter in millimetres and applied load in kilograms-fo
8、rce(ornewtons),obtained under dynamic conditions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionCoordinates for the compensation lineare found in Table 1,Columns 1 and 3.3.1.1.2 DiscussionSome lubricants give coordinateswhich are above the compensation line.Known examples ofsuch fluids are methyl phenyl silicone,chlorinated met
9、hylphenyl silicone,silphenylene,phenyl ether,and some mixturesof petroleum oil and chlorinated paraffins.3.1.2 compensation scar diameter,nthe average diameter,in millimetres,of the wear scar on the stationary balls causedby the rotating ball under an applied load in the presence of alubricant,but w
10、ithout causing either seizure or welding.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe wear scar obtained shall be within5%of the values noted in Table 1,Column 3.3.1.3 corrected load,nthe load in kilograms-force(ornewtons)for each run obtained by multiplying the applied loadby the ratio of the Hertz scar diameter to the m
11、easured scardiameter at that load.3.1.4 extreme pressure(EP)additives,ntribologically re-active species that prevent mating metallic surfaces fromadhering to each other under concentrated contact conditionswith high PV values PV product,G40.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe PV value is the product of thecontact
12、 pressure(MPa)and sliding velocity(m/s).3.1.5 extreme pressure(EP)lubricants,nformulationswhose effects may become observable at different operatingconditions,preventing adhesive wear under mixed or boundarylubrication regimes and are characterized by an increased loadcarrying capacity or increased
13、tribolfilm strength.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids andLubricates.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published
14、 January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1969.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D2783 19.DOI:10.1520/D2783-21.This method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the American Societyof Lubrication Engineers.Accepted by ASLE January 1969.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,ww
15、w.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*
16、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.1.6 Hertz l
