1、Designation:D265211Standard Terminology Relating toActivated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2652;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related toactivated carbon and encompasses finished products,applica-tions,and testing procedures.1.2 When any of the definitio
3、ns in this terminology arequoted or published out of context,editorially insert thelimiting phrase“in activated carbon”after the dash followingthe term to properly limit the field of application of the termand definition.2.Significance and Use2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to acti-
4、vated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards inwhich such terms are used can be understood and interpretedproperly.2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-sant with the terms related to activated carbon.However,it isalso a ready reference for those directly associat
5、ed withactivated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonal-ity of usage,particularly in the preparation ofASTM standards.2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-formity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon,it cannever be complete because new terms are constantly
6、 arising.The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use ormisuse of any term in another context.3.Terminologyabrasion resistancethe property of a particle to resistattrition or wearing away by friction.absorptiona process in which fluid molecules are taken upby a liquid or solid and dis
7、tributed throughout the body ofthat liquid or solid.accelerated adsorption testsadsorption tests in which theend point is hastened by testing at conditions more severethan those anticipated in service.acid-extractable materialsubstances dissolved by an acidunder specified conditions.activated carbon
8、a family of carbonaceous substancesmanufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-ties.activationany process whereby a substance is treated todevelop adsorptive properties.activityfor activated carbon,the adsorptive capacity of anadsorbent,usually as measured by a standard test.adsorbatean
9、y substance that is adsorbed.adsorbentany solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-cant quantities of other substances on its surface.adsorptiona process in which fluid molecules are concen-trated on a surface by chemical or physical forces,or both.adsorption zonesee mass transfer zone.ashres
10、idue after the combustion of a substance under speci-fied conditions.as is basisas received.breakpointthe appearance in the effluent of a specifiedconcentration of an adsorbate.breakthrough,nthe first appearance in the effluent of anadsorbate of interest under specified conditions.channelingthe pref
11、erential flow of fluid through passages oflower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns ofparticles owing to nonuniform packing,irregular sizes andshapes of the particles,gas pockets,wall effects,and othercauses.chemical adsorption see chemisorption.chemisorption(chemical adsorption)the b
12、inding of anadsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximatingthose of a chemical bond.coadsorptionthe adsorption of two or more components onan adsorbent,each affecting the adsorbability of the other.contact batch operationan adsorption process in which anadsorbent is dispersed in a flu
13、id to be treated and thenseparated when practical equilibrium is attained.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 onNomenclature and Editorial.Current edition approved June 15,2011.Published August 2
14、011.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2652 05a.DOI:10.1520/D2652-11.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 continuous moving bedan adsorption process characterizedby flow of a fluid through a c
15、ontinuously moving bed ofgranular adsorbent with continuous withdrawal of spentadsorbent and continuous addition of reprocessed or virginadsorbent.countercurrent adsorptionan adsorption process in whichthe flow of fluid is in a direction opposite to the movementof the adsorbent.critical bed depththe
16、 minimum depth of an adsorbent bedrequired to contain the mass transfer zone.crushing strengththe property of a particle to resist physicalbreakdown when contained and subjected to a slowlyincreasing continuously applied force.degassingremoval of gases.density,absolute or truethe mass under specified condi-tions of a unit volume of a solid sorbent excluding its porevolume and inter-particle voids.density,apparent(density,bulk,packing)the mass underspecified conditions of a unit volume of a solid
