1、Designation:D233213(Reapproved 2021)Standard Practice forAnalysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2332;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of r
2、evision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers X-ray spectrochemical analysis ofwater-formed deposits.1.2 The practice is applica
3、ble to the determination ofelements of atomic number 11 or higher that are present insignificant quantity in the sample(usually above 0.1%).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not cons
4、idered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations p
5、rior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6、Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed DepositsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For de
7、finitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D1129.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The sample or its fusion with a suitable flux is powderedand the powder is compacted(mounted).The mount is thenirradiated by an X-ray beam of short wavelength(high energy).The characteristic X rays of the ato
8、m that are emitted orfluoresced upon absorption of the primary or incident X raysare dispersed,and intensities at selected wavelengths aremeasured by sensitive detectors.Detector output is related toconcentration by calibration curves or charts.4.2 The K spectral lines are used for elements of atomi
9、cnumbers 11 to 50.Whether the K or L lines are used for theelements numbered 51 or higher depends on the availableinstrumentation.5.Significance and Use5.1 Certain elements present in water-formed deposits areidentified.Concentration levels of the elements are estimated.5.2 Deposit analysis assists
10、in providing proper water con-ditioning.5.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases maybe further classified as scale,sludge,corrosion products,orbiological deposits.The overall composition of a deposit orsome part of a deposit may be determined by chemical orspectrographic analysis;the c
11、onstituents actually present aschemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-raydiffraction studies.Organisms may be identified by micro-scopical or biological methods.6.Apparatus6.1 Sample Preparation Equipment:6.1.1 Fusion Crucibles,prepared from 25-mm(1-in.)commercial-grade graphite ro
12、ds.The dimensions shall be 29mm(118in.)high,an inside diameter of 19 mm(34in.),and acavity 22 mm(78in.)deep.6.1.2 Pulverizers,including an agate or mullite mortar andpestle,minimum capacity 25 ml.6.1.3 SievesNo.100(150-m)and No.270(53-m)asspecified in Specification E11.1This practice is under the ju
13、risdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water andWater-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,On-Line Water Analysis,and Surveillance of Water.Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published December 2
14、021.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2332 13.DOI:10.1520/D2332-13R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri
16、nciples for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?6.1.4 CompactorsA press,equipped with a gauge en-abling reproducible pressure,is recommended.6.2 Excitation Source(X-ray Tube):6.2.1 Stable Electrical Power Supply(61%).6.2.2 Source of high-intensity,short-wave-length X rays.6.3 Sample Housing(Turret).6.4 SpectrometerBest resolution of the spectrometer andbest sensitivity are not simu
