1、Designation:C24215Standard Terminology ofCeramic Whitewares and Related Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used inceramic whitewares and related products.1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries arenot inclu
3、ded.Included are words that are peculiar to thisindustry.Double words,hyphenated words,or phrases arelisted alphabetically under the first word;additional importantwords are cross-referenced.1.3For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-tions on ceramics,refer to Terminology F109.2.Refere
4、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterE180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialty Chemicals(Withdrawn 2009)3F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections onCeramicsF465 Practice for Developing Pr
5、ecision and Accuracy Dataon ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and MeatProducts(Withdrawn 1993)32.2 British Standard:4BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders3.Terminologyabsolute or true densitySee absolute or true density underdensity.absorbancethe logarithm of that fraction of an incident
6、lightbeam that is dissipated in the sample,being neither trans-mitted nor reflected.absorbed moisturewater held mechanically in the materialand having physical properties not substantially differentfrom ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.absorption(1)the relationship of the weight o
7、f the waterabsorbed by a ceramic specimen,subjected to prescribedimmersion procedure,to the weight of the dry specimen.(2)the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,usually a liquid or gas,with the formation of an apparentlyhomogeneous mixture.adsorptionthe capacity of a substance to accept
8、and retainon its surface a layer of another substance,usually a gas ora liquid.agglomeratea jumbled mass or collection of two or moreparticles or aggregates,or a combination thereof,heldtogether by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weakchemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gene
9、r-ated by handling or processing.DISCUSSIONCommon usage in powder technology(and BritishStandard BS 2955)has the terms“aggregate”and“agglomerate”interchanged in meaning from the definitions presented here,and caremust be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.aggregatea dense mass
10、of particles held together by strongintermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable tonormal mixing techniques,including high-speed stirring andultrasonics.alumina porcelainSee alumina porcelain under porcelain.alumina whitewareSee alumina whiteware under ceramicwhiteware.andalusitea polymor
11、ph,along with sillimanite and kyanite,of composition Al2O3SiO2which on firing dissociates toyield principally mullite.apparent or pycnometric densitySee apparent or pycnomet-ric density under density.apparent porositySee apparent porosity under porosity.average particle sizea single value representi
12、ng the entireparticle-size distribution.DISCUSSIONIt is essential to specify the basis under which theaverage is obtained.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 onCeramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C21.01 on Editorial and
13、 Terminology.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published March 2015.Originallyapproved in 1950.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C242 14.DOI:10.1520/C0242-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual B
14、ook of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from British Standards Institute,2 Park St.,London,EnglandW1A 2B5.Copyright ASTM International,100 Ba
15、rr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 ball claya secondary clay,commonly characterized by thepresence of organic matter,high plasticity,high dry strength,long vitrification range,and a light color when fired.ball millinga method of grinding and mixing material,wi
16、thor without liquid,in a rotating cylinder or conical millpartially filled with grinding media such as balls or pebbles.basalt warea black unglazed vitreous ceramic ware havingthe appearance of basalt rock.Belleek chinaa highly translucent whiteware composed of abody containing a significant amount of frit and normallyhaving a luster glaze.bentonitea distinct type of fine-grained clay containing notless than 85%montmorillionite clay having the formula(OH)4Si8Al4O20nH2O and composed of units made
