1、Designation:C119614aStandard Test Method forIn Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit MasonryEstimated Using Flatjack Measurements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1196;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of re
2、vision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the averagecompressive stress in existing unreinforced sol
3、id-unit masonry(see Note 1).This test method concerns the measurement ofin-situ compressive stress in existing masonry by use of thin,bladder-like flatjack devices that are installed in cut mortarjoints in the masonry wall.This test method provides arelatively non-destructive means of determining ma
4、sonry prop-erties in place.NOTE1Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone,concrete,or clayunits whose net area is equal to or greater than 75%of the gross area.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI
5、units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
6、the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instrumentsfor Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines3.Term
7、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 shim,nitem inserted into a flatjack slot prior totesting to minimize the inflation of the test flatjack.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe use of shims may be necessaryduring testing to achieve a tight fit of the flatjack in the slot andto ensure un
8、iform transfer of pressure(stress)to the masonryover the complete area of the flatjack.SeeAnnexA1 for furtherdiscussion on allowable types of shims.3.1.2 spacermetal plate used in the calibration process tocontrol flatjack thickness.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test methodrefer to
9、 Terminology C1180 for mortar and grout and Termi-nology C1232 for masonry.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 When a slot is formed in the masonry,compressivestress at that point will cause the masonry above and below theslot to move together.Compressive stress in the masonry maybe measured by inserting a
10、flatjack into the slot and increasingits internal pressure until the original distance between pointsabove and below the slot is restored.The state of compressivestress in the masonry is approximately equal to the flatjackpressure multiplied by factors which account for the physicalcharacteristics o
11、f the jack and the ratio of(a)the bearing areaof the jack in contact with the masonry to(b)the bearing areaof the slot.5.Significance and Use5.1 Stress is applied as pressure over the area of the flatjack.In the case of multi-wythe masonry,stress is estimated only inthe wythe in which the flatjack i
12、s inserted.Stress in otherwythes may be different.6.Apparatus6.1 Flatjack:6.1.1 Aflatjack is a thin envelope-like bladder with inlet andoutlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic fluid.Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan,and are designed to becompatible with the masonry being tested.Typi
13、cal configura-tions are shown in Fig.1.6.1.2 For determination of the state of compressive stress,dimension A should be equal to or greater than the length of asingle masonry unit,but not less than 8 in.(200 mm).Dimension B should be equal to or greater than the thicknessof one wythe and not less th
14、an 3 in.(75 mm).The radius,R,for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.04 on Research.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2014 as C1196 14.DOI:10.1520/C1196-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary o
16、f Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 circular and semi-rectangular flatjacks shall be equal to theradius of the circular saw blade used to cut the slot.6.1.3 Flatjacks shall be made of metal or other material suchthat the flatjack in a slot in masonry will be capable of applyingoperating pressures up to the expected maximum flatjackpressure.See Note 2.Metal flatjacks suit
