1、Designation:C137804(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Resistance to Staining1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1378;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistanceto staining of ceramic tile surfaces.1.2 The resistance to staining is determined
3、by maintainingtest solutions in contact with ceramic tile surfaces for aspecified period of time.After exposure,the surface is cleanedin a defined manner,and the test specimens are inspectedvisually for change.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurem
4、ent are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
5、s prior to use.2.Staining Agents2.1 Contrasting Grout,unsanded tile grout,applied as a neatpaste.2.2 Carbon Lamp Black.2.3 Waterproof Ink Black.2.4 Washable Ink.2.5 Potassium Permanganate Solution,1%,prepared from99%KMnO4crystals,dissolve 1g of reagent into 100 mL ofdistilled water.2.6 Methylene Blu
6、e Solution,1%.2.7This test method may be used for exposing tile to anystaining agent deemed appropriate for the expected serviceconditions and may specify any reasonable combination oftime and temperature for the exposure period.Exposuresubstances,time,and temperatures should be selected so as toeit
7、her simulate service conditions,or accelerate staining that ispossible under expected service conditions,or bear some othermeaningful relation to expected service conditions.3.Apparatus3.1 Test Tubes,plain end glass test tubes with a diameter of20 mm and a length of 150 mm.3.2 Pipets,glass pipet wit
8、h a volume of at least 50 mL withgradations in 1-mL increments.3.3 Oven,capable of maintaining a constant temperature of110 6 5C.3.4Cloths,a supply of lintless,absorbent clothes or papertowels.3.5 Distilled or Deionized Water,for preparation of thesolutions.3.6 Light Source,standard light source tha
9、t supplies a300 lux of illumination.3.7 Cleaning Agents.3.7.1 Hot water.3.7.2 Weak cleaning agent,a commercial agent,not con-taining abrasive,with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.3.7.3Strong cleaning agent,a commercial cleaning agentcontaining abrasive,with a pH of 9 to 10.3.7.4 Suitable solvents:3%(v/v)HCI solu
10、tion,prepared from 38%hydrochloricacid by adding 79 mL of the reagent hydrochloride acidsolution to 951 mL of distilled water.20%KOH solution(200 g/L),prepared by dissolving 200g of 90%potassium hydroxide into 1 L of distilled water.Acetone(technical grade).4.Samples4.1 Number of Test SpecimensOne d
11、efect-free testspecimen,which is representative of the entire surface,for eachtest solution is to be used.Test specimens shall be representa-tive of the sample,and where tiles have different colors ofdecorative effects,care should be taken to include all distinc-tive parts.More test specimens may be
12、 necessary to incorper-ate all surface features.4.2Size of SpecimensThe original tile for testing shouldbe cut to 50-by 50-mm squares for testing with each cut piecelabeled according to the testing solution to be applied.4.3 The sample surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned witha suitable solvent,suc
13、h as acetone and completely dried beforetesting.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyappro
14、ved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1378 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/C1378-04R14.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.4 The test specimens can be glazed or unglazed tile.If thetiles are glazed,then the staining ag
15、ent should be applied to theglazed surface.5.Procedure for Staining Agent Application5.1 Application of the Staining Agent:5.1.1Dry the test specimens thoroughly at 110 6 5Cbefore testing and then cool the tile to room temperature.5.1.2 The labeled test specimens are laid out on a table in awell-ven
16、tilated area.NOTE1Precaution:This test method involves the use of chemicalsubstances.Proper precautions for the handling of these chemicals shouldbe taken,such as protective clothing and fume hoods.5.1.3 Transfer 5mL of the liquid staining agent described in2.3 2.6 to a test tube.5.1.4 Place the surface to be tested of the tile face down onthe open end of the test tube.5.1.5While firmly holding the test tube and tile assemblytogether,invert the assembly so that the back of the tile isfacing the
