1、Designation:C1216aStandard Practice forInstalling Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indi
2、cates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installingvitrified clay pipe lines by
3、 open trench construction methods inorder to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not consider
4、ed standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Refe
5、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay PipeC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified ClayPipe and FittingsC700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe,Extra Strength,
6、Standard Strength,and PerforatedC828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of VitrifiedClay Pipe LinesC896 Terminology Relating to Clay ProductsC923 Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Rein-forced Concrete Manhole Structures,Pipes,and LateralsC1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration
7、 Testing ofVitrified Clay Pipe LinesD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes(Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Mater
8、ial(CLSM)Test CylindersD5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage ofFractured Particles in Coarse AggregateD6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material(CLSM)(Withdrawn 2013)33.Terminology3.1 GeneralTerminology C896 can be used for clarifica-tion of terminology in t
9、his specification.3.2 See Fig.1.DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS4.Supporting Strength4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe ismaterially affected by the methods of installation.The fieldsupporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity tosupport dead and live loads under actual field c
10、onditions.It isdependent upon two factors:(1)the inherent strength of thepipe and(2)the bedding of the pipe.4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-dance with Specification C700,as determined by the 3-edge-bearing test of Test Methods C301,is a measure of the inherentstrength of the pi
11、pe.4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determinerelative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-tions.Therefore,an adjustment called a load factor is intro-duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supportingstrength.The magnitude of the load factor depends on how
12、 thepipe is bedded.The relationship is:Field supporting strength5 minimum bearing strength3load factor4.4 A factor of safety 1.0 and 1.5 shall be applied to thefield supporting strength to calculate a safe supporting strength.The relationship is:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
13、ttee C04 on VitrifiedClay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods ofTest and Specifications.Current edition approved Nov.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1915.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C12 16.DOI:10.1520/C0012-16A.2For referenced AS
14、TM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.
15、Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Safe supporting strength5Field supporting strengthFactor of safety5.External Loads5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are oftwo general types:(1)dead loads and(2)live loa
16、ds.5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth,the deadload increases as the trench width,measured at the top of thepipe,increases.Pipe failure may result if the design trenchwidth is exceeded.If the trench width exceeds the designwidth,a higher class of bedding,stronger pipe,or both,must beinvestigated.5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partiallytransmitted to the pipe.Live loads may be produced by wheelloading,construction equipment or by compactive effort.Compaction of
