1、Designation:C311/C311M16Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Usein Portland-Cement Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C311/C311M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case
2、of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 These test m
3、ethods cover procedures for sampling andtesting fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use inportland-cement concrete.1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:SectionsSampling7CHEMICAL ANALYSISReagents and apparatus10Moisture content11 and 12Loss on ignition13 and 14Silicon dioxide,alumin
4、um oxide,iron oxide,calciumoxide,magnesium oxide,sulfur trioxide,sodiumoxideand potassium oxide15Available alkali16 and 17Ammonia18PHYSICAL TESTSDensity19Fineness20Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars21 23Soundness24Air-entrainment of mortar25 and 26Strength activity index with portland cemen
5、t27 30Water requirement31Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan inControlling Alkali-Silica Reactions32Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan inContributing to Sulfate Resistance341.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The va
6、lues stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11.The alternative des
7、ignation given in parentheses is forinformation only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
8、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory information.These notes and foot-notes(excluding those in tables)shall not be considered asrequirements of this standard.2.Re
9、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in.or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concret
10、e Ag-gregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hy-draulic CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC188 Test Method for Density o
11、f Hydraulic CementC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use inthe Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of
12、ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.Current edition approved Dec.15,2016.Published January 2016.Originallyapproved in 1953.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C311/C311M13.DOI:10
13、.1520/C0311_C0311M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
14、 end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDeve
15、lopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations(Mortar-Bar Method)C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
16、45-m(No.325)SieveC441/C441M Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans orGround Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica ReactionC604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of RefractoryMaterials by Gas-Comparison PycnometerC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for Standard Sand
