1、Designation:C85914bStandard Terminology Relating toNuclear Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C859;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology standard contains terms,definitions,descriptions of terms,nomenclature,and explanations of acro-nyms and symbols specifically associated with standards u
3、nderthe jurisdiction of Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle.Thecontent of this terminology standard may also be applicable todocuments not under the jurisdiction of Committee C26,inwhich case this terminology standard may be referenced inthose documents.1.2 While subcommittees within Committee C26 a
4、re free toonly provide terms and definitions within individual standards,each subcommittee may request the addition of utilized termsand definitions to this terminology standard if it believes thatsuch serves the broader interest of Committee C26 and thenuclear fuel cycle profession.Therefore,terms
5、and definitionsproposed for inclusion in Terminology C859 need not be usedin more than one committee standard before being considered.1.3 In general,technical terms that are defined in commondictionaries would not also be defined in this terminologystandard unless there is a need to emphasize a spec
6、ificdefinition in making appropriate use of a Committee C26standard.1.4 Subcommittee C26.10(Nondestructive Assay)also hasa terminology standard applicable to its standards:Terminol-ogy C1673.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1673 Terminology of C26.10 Nondestructive Assay Meth-ods3.Terminol
7、ogyabsorbed dose,D,L2T-2,nabsorbed dose is the meanenergy imparted by ionizing radiation to a unit mass ofspecified material.DISCUSSIONThe SI unit for absorbed dose is the gray(Gy),definedas 1 J/kg.abundance sensitivity,nin methods of chemical analysis,the ratio of the ion beam intensity of the majo
8、r isotope,M,to the background current at the adjacent mass positions.Abundance sensitivity5ion current at mass Mion current at M61(1)accelerated test,nfor the prediction of long term behavior ofmaterials,a test that results in an increase either in the rateof an alteration mode or in the extent of r
9、eaction progress,when compared with expected service conditions.DISCUSSIONChanges in the expected alteration mechanism(s)caused by the accelerated test conditions,if any,must be accounted forin the use of the accelerated test data.accuracy,nthe closeness of agreement between a measure-ment result an
10、d an accepted reference.(E170)activity,A,T1,nthe measure of the rate of spontaneousnuclear transformations of a radioactive material.The SI unitfor activity is the becquerel(Bq),defined as one transfor-mation per second.The original unit for activity was thecurie(Ci),defined as 3.7 1010transformatio
11、ns per second.alpha radiation,nis the spontaneous emission of an alphaparticle,composed of two protons and two neutrons with apositive charge of plus two,during the nuclear transforma-tion process.DISCUSSIONAn alpha particle is the same as a helium-4 atom withno electrons.alteration,nany change in t
12、he form,state,or properties ofmaterials.alteration layer,nin materials interaction with water,alayer of alteration phases at the surface of the specimen.DISCUSSIONSeveral distinct layers may form at the surface andwithin cracks in the material.Layers may be composed of discretecrystallites.alteratio
13、n mechanism,nthe series of fundamental chemicalor physical processes by which alteration occurs.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.01 on Editorial andTerminology.Current edition approved July 1,20
14、14.Published August 2014.Originallyapproved in 1977.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C859 14a.DOI:10.1520/C0859-14B.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer
15、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 alteration mode,nfor the prediction of long-term behaviorof materials,a particular form of alteration,for example:general corrosion
16、,localized corrosion.alteration phase,nin materials interactions with theirenvironment,a solid phase formed as a result of materialinteractions,that replaces some amount of the originalphase;may form by precipitation from solution of in-situtransformation of a chemically altered solid.alteration product,nsee alteration phase.aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel,nirradiated nuclearfuel or target elements or assemblies,or both,that are clad inaluminum or aluminum-rich alloys.DISCUSSIONThe microstruct
