1、Designation:C102613Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile toFreeze-Thaw Cycling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1026;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、 last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equip-ment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic or glasstiles
3、for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.Tiles of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all
4、 of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C242 Terminology of Cerami
5、c Whitewares and RelatedProducts23.Summary of Test Method3.1 Adesignated test load of tile specimens is saturated withwater prior to being placed face-up in a metal water-filledcontainer inside a freezer.The water level is adjusted such thatthe tile specimens are partially submerged.A thermocouple i
6、sinserted into the bottom of the metal container such that thewater surrounding the thermocouple is the last location tofreeze and thaw.Freezing is followed by a thawing cycle usingwater that flows over the test load.The number of freeze-thawcycles is recorded and after 300 cycles,the test load is v
7、isuallyexamined for damage and checked for total weight loss.4.Significance and Use4.1 The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functionsas a guide to the selection of ceramic and glass tiles suitable foroutdoor service in geographic areas subjected to freezing.Itcan serve as a test method to
8、 verify compliance with specifi-cations for ceramic and glass tiles,and provides a control testfor determining the freeze/thaw resistance of tiles beingmanufactured for exterior installations.5.Apparatus5.1 Freezing Chamber.The freezing chamber for this testmethod may be of any type provided it has
9、the capacity to coolthe test load to 27 612F(-3 614C)within a period of 3to 6 h.By adjusting the mass of the test load,any freezer canbe used in this test as long as a 3-to 6-h period to reach 27 612F(-3 614C)is achieved.See Figs.1 and 2.5.2 Freezing Container.A freezing container of such designand
10、shape that it fits inside the freezing chamber and will allowthe test specimens to be laid flat on a tile support rack at thebottom of the container.The freezing container may be of anyconvenient size or shape(a stainless steel sink works well).Itmust have a low point in which the thermocouple can b
11、esecurely located such that the water around the thermocouplefreezes last(typically near the bottom center of the container).The water level inside the container is maintained throughoutthe test by adjusting the height of an overflow drain.See Fig.3.5.3 Tile Support Rack.A rack capable of supporting
12、 the testspecimens a minimum of14in.(6 mm)above the bottom of thefreezing container in a consistent,level manner.It should berustproof,unaffected by freeze/thaw cycling and with sufficientopenings that the thawing water passes easily over and aroundthe frozen tile specimens during the thawing cycle.
13、See Fig.4.5.4 Water Reservoir.A reservoir of sufficient volume,inwhich water is maintained at a temperature of 60 6 20F(166 11C)and used to raise the temperature of the test load to 40612F(5 614C)during the thawing cycle.See Fig.5.5.5 Water Pump.A low-pressure water pump of sufficientcapacity to pum
14、p water from the water reservoir into thefreezing chamber in such manner that it can flood water overthe test load.Aflow or pressure reduction valve may need to beinstalled between the water pump and the flooding assembly toprevent spraying.See Fig.6.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofAST
15、M Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved March 1,2013.Published April 2013.Originallypublished in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1026 10.DOI:10.1520/C1026-13.2Annual Book
16、of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.02.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.6 Flooding Assembly.PVC pipe or similar which as-sembled to spread thawing water throughout the freezingcontainer.Holes18in.(3 mm)in diameter are drilled in thebottom of the flooding assembly.Holes14in.(6 mm)indiameter are drilled in the top to maintain the flow of water inthe event the bottom holes become frozen.No holes shall bedrilled in the flooding asse
