1、Designation:D 1083 91(Reapproved 1998)Standard Test Methods forMechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large ShippingCases and Crates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1083;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of
2、 revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrityof large shipping cases and unitized loads
3、as well as the abilityof the contents to endure normal handling.Not all of themethods are applicable to all products,containers,and loads.The test methods described are applicable to common means ofmaterial handling including:forklift,pull pack,clamp truck,crane,and spade lift type handling systems
4、as follows:1.1.1 Drop TestFor measuring the ability of the case orunitized load to withstand rough handling and provide infor-mation useful in improving the design of the container(see9.1.2 and 10.1).1.1.2 Spade Lift TestFor lifting by spade lift attachment todetermine the ability of the handling fl
5、ap of the case orshipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by thismethod(see 9.2).1.1.3 Clamp Lift TestFor lifting by hydraulic clamp at-tachment,to determine the ability of the case or shipping unit,to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeatedside compressions and lifti
6、ng(see 9.3).1.1.4 Push-Pull Handling TestFor testing the ability ofthe slip sheet tab to withstand repeated pulls by the gripperjaws without tearing(see 9.4).1.1.5 Grabhook TestFor lifting by grabhooks to determinethe ability of the case or unitized load to withstand thehorizontal pressures of grabh
7、ooks(see 10.2).1.1.6 Sling TestFor lifting by wire rope,cable,or wovenfiber slings to determine the ability of the case or unitized loadto withstand the compression of slings(see 10.3).1.1.7 Tip TestFor determining the ability of tall or topheavy cases or crates to resist tipping over(see Section 11
8、).1.1.8 Tipover TestFor determining the ability of filledlarge shipping containers to resist the impacts associated withtipover hazards,and for determining the ability of the packag-ing and packing methods to provide protection to the contents,when the pack is tipped over(see Section 12).NOTE1This t
9、est method fulfills the requirements of InternationalOrganization for Standardization standard ISO 8768.The ISO standardmay not meet the requirements for this test method.1.1.9 Rolling TestFor determining the ability of a com-plete,filled transport package to withstand the effects of rolling(see Sec
10、tion 13).NOTE2This test method fulfills the requirements of InternationalOrganization for Standardization standard ISO 2876.The ISO standardmay not meet the requirements for this test method.1.2 Additional Test Procedures:1.2.1 Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling ofunitized loads and
11、large cases and crates include incline impacttests,described in Test Method D 880 and horizontal impacttests,described in Test Method D 4003.Test Method D 4003includes a special pallet marshalling test and Test MethodD 1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.1.2.2 Test Method D
12、 4169 provides a series of options forselecting and running performance tests on all types ofshipping containers and systems.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
13、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 775 Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes2D 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and Systems2D 996 Terminology of Packagin
14、g and Distribution Environ-ments2D 1185 Test Methods for Pallets and Related StructuresEmployed in Materials Handling and Shipping2D 3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility ofProducts,Using Shock Machines2D 4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shipping Containers and
15、 Systems2D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and Systems2D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for Testing2E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials21These test methods are u
16、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 onPackaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Applicationof Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Sept.15,1991.Published November 1991.Originallypublished as D 1083 50 T.Last previous edition D 1083 88.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMNOTICE:Thisstandardhas
