1、Designation:F128019Standard Guide forEcological Considerations for the Use of Surface WashingAgents:Impermeable Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1280;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents toassist in the cleanup of oil spills.This guide is written with
3、thegoal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills;thisgoal is the basis on which the recommendations are made.Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered al-though these and other factors are often important in spillresponse.1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions,ap
4、pro-priate government authorities should be consulted as requiredby law.1.3 Spill responders have available several means to controlor clean up spilled oil.In this guide,the use of chemical surfacewashing agents is considered.1.4 This is a general guide only.Oil,as used in this guide,includes crude
5、oils and refined petroleum products.Differencesbetween individual surface washing agents or between differ-ent oil products are not considered.1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces.Thisguide does not apply to shorelines.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
6、cerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inte
7、rnationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1279 Gu
8、ide for Ecological Considerations for the Restric-tion of the Use of Surface Washing Agents:PermeableLand SurfacesF1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline CleaningAgents:Environmental and Operational Considerations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 permeabilitythe capacity of the surface to conduct
9、or transmit liquids such as water.An impermeable surfacewould not transmit water in a short time(minutes).3.1.2 surfacethe top or cover of the land at the site ofinterest.3.1.3 surface washing agentschemical substances,includ-ing surfactants,intended to loosen or mobilize oil fromsurfaces.Surface wa
10、shing agents do not include dispersants.(See Guide F1872 for details on the use of surface washingagents.)4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional responseteams who may use it during spill response planning and spillevents.4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-speci
11、fic circum-stances.5.Environment CoveredImpermeable Surfaces5.1 Impermeable surfaces include any soil,rock,hard pan,or other natural surface that does not readily permit the passageof water and oil.5.2 Impermeable surfaces include man-made surfaces suchas paved roads and parking lots.(See Guide F127
12、9 forpermeable surfaces.)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on Treatment.Current edition approved March 1,2019.Published March 2019.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous ed
13、ition approved in 2014 as F1280 14.DOI:10.1520/F1280-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
14、ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standa
15、rds,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.Background6.1Oil and surface washing agents will ultimately run offan impermeable surface(1,2).3The environment receivingrunoff should be considered.As an example,experience withspills
16、 on impermeable surfaces included runoff into a perme-able zone and extensive groundwater contamination.6.2 A laboratory experiment has shown that explosionpotential is increased by using surface washing agents on fuelspills into sewers(2,3).6.3 Studies of the toxicity of natural products such asd-limonene,from citrus peels,reveals that many of these havehigh aquatic toxicities,while showing little human toxicity(4,5).The agent toxicity should be considered where uninten-tional run-off can affec
