1、Designation:F14098(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forMaking Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing forExpansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F140;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originalado
2、ption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation and testing ofreference glass-metal butt se
3、als of two general configurations:one applicable to determining stress in the glass and the otherto determining the degree of mismatch of thermal expansion(or contraction).Tests are in accordance with Test MethodF218(Section 1.1).1.2 This practice applies to all glass and metal(or alloy)combinations
4、 normally sealed together in the production ofelectronic components.It should not be attempted with glass-metal combinations having widely divergent thermal expan-sion(or contraction)properties.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F47 Test Method for Crystallographic Perfection of Siliconby Pre
5、ferential Etch Techniques(Withdrawn 1998)3F79 Specification for Type 101 Sealing GlassF105 Specification for Type 58 Borosilicate Sealing GlassF218 Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation andAnalyzing Stress in Glass3.Summary of Practice3.1 Five seals of a standard configuration are prepared f
6、romrepresentative specimens of the glass and metal to be tested.The glass and metal are cleaned,treated,and sized to specifiedproportions.Plane-interfaced seals are formed,annealed,andmeasured for residual optical retardation.The stress parallel tothe interface in each seal is calculated from the op
7、ticalretardation,and the average stress is computed for the sample.For disk-seals the thermal expansion mismatch is calculated.4.Significance and Use4.1 The term“reference”as employed in this practiceimplies that either the glass or the metal of the referenceglass-metal seal will be a“standard refer
8、ence material”such asthose supplied for other physical tests by the National Institutefor Standards and Technology(NIST),or a secondary referencematerial whose sealing characteristics have been determined byseals to a standard reference material.4Until standard referencematerials for seals are estab
9、lished by the NIST,secondaryreference materials may be agreed upon between manufacturerand purchaser.5.Apparatus5.1 Polarimeter,as specified in Test Method F218 formeasuring optical retardation and analyzing stress in glass.5.2 Cut-Off Saw,with diamond-impregnated wheel and No.180 grit abrasive blad
10、e under flowing coolant for cutting andfine-grinding glass rod.5.3 Glass Polisher,buffing wheel with cerium oxide polish-ing powder or laboratory-type equipment with fine-grindingand polishing laps.5.4 Heat-Treating and Oxidizing Furnaces,with suitablecontrols and with provisions for appropriate atm
11、ospheres(Annex A1)for preconditioning metal,if required.5.5 Sealing Furnace,radiant tube,muffle or r-f inductionwith suitable controls and provision for use with inert atmo-sphere.5.6 Annealing Furnace,with capability of controlled cool-ing.5.7 Ultrasonic Cleaner,optional.5.8 Fixture for Furnace Sea
12、ling,designed as suggested inAnnex A2.5.9 Micrometer Caliper,with index permitting direct read-ing accuracy of 0.02 cm.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass andGlass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on Physicaland Mechanical Propertie
13、s.Current edition approved Oct.1,2013.Published October 2013.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F140 98(2008).DOI:10.1520/F0140-98R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Boo
14、k of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4See NIST SP 260.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.Un
15、ited States1 5.10 Immersion Mercury Thermometer.6.Materials6.1 MetalRepresentative specimen pairs of the metal fromeither rod or plate stock with dimensions satisfying therequirements of 7.2 or 7.3.The surfaces to be sealed should berelatively free of scratches,machine marks,pits,or inclusionsthat w
16、ould induce localized stresses.The sealing surfacesshould terminate in sharp edges at the peripheral corners to actas a glass stop.Edges that are rounded,such as appear ontumbled parts,will have the tendency to permit glass overflow.6.2 GlassRepresentative specimens of rod or plate glass,cut with either diamond-impregnated or other abrasive cuttingwheels under flowing water.Dimensions(volume)shall satisfythe requirements of 7.2 or 7.3.7.Test Specimen7.1 Two basic cylindrical geometries are consi
